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Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Glucose intolerance increases perinatal complications, but there is limited research on this topic among non-diabetic pregnant women in Cameroon. This study aimed to assess third-trimester glycemic status and its impact on pregnancy outcomes in the Buea Health District. Methodology. A prospective cohort study involving 124 pregnant women was carried out in the Buea Health District (BHD) from December 2023 through May 2024. Socio-demographic characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. About 5mls of blood were collected by venipuncture into EDTA and fluoride oxalate tubes for HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose measurement respectively. A Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between pregnancy outcomes and third trimester glycemic control. Results. Third trimester hyperglycemia was present in 12% of pregnant women in the BHD. The percentage of pregnant women with abnormal glycemic status obtained using fasting plasma glucose and glycated heamoglobin (HbA1c) were 32.3% and 11.2% respectively. Women with high third trimester HbA1c percentage had significantly higher odds of having pre-eclampsia (OR=13.429, 95% CI: 0.365-4.845, p = 0.016), abnormal birthweight (OR= 88.000, 95% CI: 2.625-7.465, p < 0.00) and macrosomia (OR=46.000, 95% CI: 2.206-5.700, p < 0.001). Additionally, pregnant women who were hypoglycemic had higher odds of having perineal tear during delivery (OR =6.800, 95% CI=0.211-3.946, p= 0.034). Conclusion. Poor third trimester glycemic control (HbA1c) is significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Strict glycemic control in pregnancy is therefore an important preventive measure to adverse pregnancy outcomes.


RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'intolérance au glucose augmente les complications périnatales, mais peu d'études existent sur ce sujet chez les femmes enceintes non diabétiques au Cameroun. Cette étude visait à évaluer l'état glycémique au troisième trimestre et son impact sur les issues de grossesse dans le district sanitaire de Buea. Méthodologie. Une étude de cohorte prospective a été menée auprès de 124 femmes enceintes de décembre 2023 à mai 2024. Des prélèvements sanguins ont permis de mesurer l'HbA1c et la glycémie à jeun. Une analyse de régression logistique a évalué l'association entre le contrôle glycémique et les issues de grossesse. Résultats. L'hyperglycémie au troisième trimestre était présente chez 12 % des femmes enceintes dans le DSB. Le pourcentage de femmes enceintes ayant un état glycémique anormal, mesuré par la glycémie à jeun et l'hémoglobine glyquée (HbA1c), était respectivement de 32,3 % et 11,2 %. Les femmes ayant un pourcentage élevé d'HbA1c au troisième trimestre avaient des chances significativement plus élevées d'avoir une pré-éclampsie (OR = 13,429, IC 95 % : 0,365-4,845, p = 0,016), un poids de naissance anormal (OR = 88,000, IC 95 % : 2,625-7,465, p < 0,00) et une macrosomie (OR = 46,000, IC 95 % : 2,206-5,700, p < 0,001). De plus, les femmes enceintes ayant une hypoglycémie avaient des chances plus élevées de subir une déchirure périnéale lors de l'accouchement (OR = 6,800, IC 95 % : 0,211-3,946, p = 0,034). Conclusion. Un mauvais contrôle glycémique au troisième trimestre (HbA1c) est significativement associé à des issues de grossesse défavorables. Un contrôle strict de la glycémie pendant la grossesse est donc une mesure préventive importante contre les issues de grossesse défavorables.

Keywords

diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, pregnancy outcomes, Cameroon diabète sucré, contrôle glycémique, issues de grossesse, Cameroun

Article Details

How to Cite
Ebot Walter Ojong, Delphine Anye Tangoh, Simo Wambo Andre Gaetan, Naiza Monono, & Duala Emmanuella Lum-Neba. (2025). Third Trimester Glycemic Status and Pregnancy Outcome in Women Attending Antenatal Care in the Buea Health District, South Western, Cameroon: A Prospective Cohort Study: Statut Glycémique au Troisième Trimestre et Issue de la Grossesse chez les Femmes Suivies en Soins Prénatals dans le District Sanitaire de Buea, Région du Sud-Ouest, Cameroun : Une Étude de Cohorte Prospective. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v26i2.6395

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