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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Cameroon, surgical site infections (SSIs) are a poor prognostic factor for operated patients. This research aimed to describe the risk factors for SSIs found in our internship setting in Yokadouma. Methodology. We conducted a prospective descriptive study from the 1st July 2022 to 31st December 2022 on patients operated at the Yokadouma District Hospital. Data was collected using questionnaires for each patient during their wound dressing sessions. Results. A total of 120 individuals were included in the study. Most participants were aged 16-45 years (71.7%), with a predominance of women (75%). The most common surgical intervention were hernioraphy (66.7%), and appendicectomy (16.6%). Among our patients, 26,6% got their wounds infected. Among the 32 patients with SSIs, 81,25% lived on less than a dollar per day, 37.5% presented with a SSI were infected with HIV. For most patients he discovery of SSIs happened during the first wound dressings which were done from the 5th day post-operative (62.5%). Conclusion. The most typical risk factors of SSI were immune depression to HIV, low economic status, open classic, emergency and contaminated surgeries. Financial security, good education and early wound dressing among patient with risk factors could greatly help to reduce the incidence of SSI in our study area.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Au Cameroun, les infections du site opératoire (ISO) sont un facteur de mauvais pronostic pour les patients opérés. Cette recherche visait à décrire les facteurs de risque des ISO rencontrés dans notre contexte d'internat à Yokadouma. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude descriptive prospective du 1er juillet 2022 au 31 décembre 2022 sur les patients opérés à l'hôpital de district de Yokadouma. Les données ont été recueillies à l'aide de questionnaires pour chaque patient lors des séances de pansement. Résultats. Au total, 120 personnes ont été incluses dans l'étude. La plupart des participants étaient âgés de 16 à 45 ans (71,7 %), avec une prédominance de femmes (75 %). Les interventions chirurgicales les plus courantes étaient la hernioraphie (66,7 %) et l'appendicectomie (16,6 %). Parmi nos patients, 26,6% ont eu des plaies infectées. Parmi les 32 patients atteints d'ISO, 81, 25 % vivaient avec moins d'un dollar par jour, 37,5 % présentaient une ISO et étaient infectés par le VIH. Pour la plupart des patients, la découverte des ISO s'est faite lors des premiers pansements qui ont été réalisés à partir du 5ème jour post-opératoire (62,5%). Conclusion. Les facteurs de risque les plus typiques des ISO sont l'immunodépression au VIH, un statut économique faible, les chirurgies classiques ouvertes, les chirurgies d'urgence et les chirurgies contaminées. La sécurité financière, une bonne éducation et des pansements précoces chez les patients présentant des facteurs de risque pourraient grandement contribuer à réduire l'incidence des ISO dans notre zone d'étude.
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References
- 1. European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of surgical site infections in European hospitals/ HAISSI protocol. 2022.[Online]
- 2. Titus N, Joy N, Ndouh N, Tamufor N, Lieke N, Guylen S, Christopher P. Joural of the West African College of Surgeons. Epidemiology of surgical site infection following abdominal surgery at a Reference Hospital in North West Cameroon. July 2022.
- 3. Ansari S, Hassan M, Barry H, et al.Risk factors associated with surgical site infection: A retrospective report from a developing Country. Cureus 11(6):e4801
- 4. Cyriaque D, Alphonse K, Drissa C, Pascal C, Josue A, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with surgical site infection in the University Clinics of Traumatology and Urology of National University Hospital Centre Hubert Koutoukou Maga in Cotonou.[ Frontiers].
- 5. Yaouba D, Ngaroua, Ngah J, Perpoint T, Mbo A, et al. Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection in Ngaoundere Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44:1195
- 6. Aghdassi J, Schröder C, Petra G. Gender- related risk factors for surgical site infction. Results from 10 years of surveillance in Germany. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 8, 95. 2019.[Biomedcentral]
- 7. Paridon B. Incidence of surgical site infections highest in lower-income countries. Infections Disease Advisor. 2018.
- 8. Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections. Clin Inf Dis 2005;41:1373-406.
- 9. Astha R, Neebha O, Meeeta S, et al. Risk factors associated with surgical site infection following cearean section in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal. 2022. [Hindawi]
- 10. Esteban V et al. Laparoscopic surgery significantly reduces surgical- site infections compared with open surery. Surg Endosc. 2010.
References
1. European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of surgical site infections in European hospitals/ HAISSI protocol. 2022.[Online]
2. Titus N, Joy N, Ndouh N, Tamufor N, Lieke N, Guylen S, Christopher P. Joural of the West African College of Surgeons. Epidemiology of surgical site infection following abdominal surgery at a Reference Hospital in North West Cameroon. July 2022.
3. Ansari S, Hassan M, Barry H, et al.Risk factors associated with surgical site infection: A retrospective report from a developing Country. Cureus 11(6):e4801
4. Cyriaque D, Alphonse K, Drissa C, Pascal C, Josue A, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with surgical site infection in the University Clinics of Traumatology and Urology of National University Hospital Centre Hubert Koutoukou Maga in Cotonou.[ Frontiers].
5. Yaouba D, Ngaroua, Ngah J, Perpoint T, Mbo A, et al. Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection in Ngaoundere Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44:1195
6. Aghdassi J, Schröder C, Petra G. Gender- related risk factors for surgical site infction. Results from 10 years of surveillance in Germany. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 8, 95. 2019.[Biomedcentral]
7. Paridon B. Incidence of surgical site infections highest in lower-income countries. Infections Disease Advisor. 2018.
8. Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections. Clin Inf Dis 2005;41:1373-406.
9. Astha R, Neebha O, Meeeta S, et al. Risk factors associated with surgical site infection following cearean section in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal. 2022. [Hindawi]
10. Esteban V et al. Laparoscopic surgery significantly reduces surgical- site infections compared with open surery. Surg Endosc. 2010.