Classification Moléculaire des Cancers du Sein Diagnostiqués au Centre Pasteur du Cameroun: Molecular Classification of Breast Cancers Diagnosed at the Centre Pasteur in Cameroon

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Cameroon, with 4,170 new cases each year. Mortality remains high due to late diagnosis. Unlike in Western countries, where mortality is falling thanks to early diagnosis and personalised treatment, local data show a predominance of triple-negative (TN) tumours, accounting for 37% of cases, followed by Luminal A. These data need to be updated in line with new molecular recommendations. Methodology: This retrospective study analysed 52 cases of breast cancer diagnosed at the Centre Pasteur du Cameroun between October and December 2021. Clinical and biological data were collected, and immunohistochemical markers (RO, RP, HER2, Ki67) were analysed at the pathology laboratory of the Erasme Hospital in Brussels. Results were assessed by two observers. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.9 years. Invasive ductal carcinomas accounted for 83% of cases, with 59% grade II. The molecular distribution was: 40% triple-negative tumours, 28% Luminal B, 16% Luminal A, and 16% HER2+. +. TN tumours were frequent in young patients, with Ki67 values often greater than 45%. Agreement with previous analyses was 77.3%. Conclusion: The study confirms the predominance of TN tumours (40%) in Cameroon, with Luminal B tumours occupying second place (28%). The data highlight the importance of adapting treatments according to local molecular characteristics.