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ABSTRACT
Introduction. Several drugs of different chemical classes are used in the treatment of hypertension. Some of these drugs may induce liver injury. This study aimed at assessing the relationship between antihypertensive drugs and liver enzymes among hypertensive patients in Buea Regional Hospital. Methodology. A cross sectional hospital-based study was carried out from the month of February to May 2022. A total of 75 consenting hypertensive patients aged 21-60 years old were selected in a convenient manner. Socio-demographic data were obtained using a structured questionnaire while clinical data was obtained from medical records. Serum levels of liver enzymes were measured using a spectrophotometer based on kinetic methods. Data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics, a Fisher’s exact test was used to test for association where appropriate and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Of the 75 participants enrolled y, 54(72%) were females while 21(28%) were males. Only 34.7% of the participants had their blood pressure controlled (BP <140/90mmHg). More than half of the study participants had normal serum levels for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and for alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 92%, 64% and 90% respectively. Fisher’s test revealed that ALT and ALP showed a significant association with the side effects of the participants (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). ALP was significant with the type of antihypertensive drug and complications of hypertension (p <0.005 and p <0.003, respectively). ALT was significantly associated with daily-dose frequency of the participants (p <0.05) and AST was significant with blood pressure (p <0.03). Conclusion. Most classes of antihypertensive drugs do not produce adverse effects in the liver based on liver enzymes measurement except for ALP which was positively associated with the type of antihypertensive drug particularly calcium channel blockers.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Divers médicaments appartenant à différentes classes chimiques sont utilisés dans le traitement de l’hypertension artérielle. Certains de ces médicaments peuvent induire des atteintes hépatiques. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer la relation entre les médicaments antihypertenseurs et les enzymes hépatiques chez les patients hypertendus à l’Hôpital Régional de Buea. Méthodologie. Une étude transversale en milieu hospitalier a été menée de février à mai 2022. Un total de 75 patients hypertendus, âgés de 21 à 60 ans et ayant donné leur consentement éclairé, ont été recrutés de manière non probabiliste. Les données sociodémographiques ont été collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire structuré, tandis que les données cliniques provenaient des dossiers médicaux. Les concentrations sériques des enzymes hépatiques ont été mesurées à l’aide d’un spectrophotomètre selon des méthodes cinétiques. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives ; le test exact de Fisher a été utilisé pour rechercher une association lorsque cela était approprié, et une valeur de p < 0,05 a été considérée comme statistiquement significative. Résultats. Parmi les 75 participants, 54 (72 %) étaient des femmes et 21 (28 %) des hommes. Seuls 34,7 % des participants avaient une pression artérielle contrôlée (PA <140/90 mmHg). Plus de la moitié des participants présentaient des valeurs normales pour l’alanine aminotransférase (ALT), l’aspartate aminotransférase (AST) et la phosphatase alcaline (ALP), soit 92 %, 64 % et 90 % respectivement. Le test de Fisher a révélé une association significative entre l’ALT et l’ALP avec les effets secondaires rapportés par les participants (p < 0,05 et p < 0,001 respectivement). L’ALP était également significativement associée au type de médicament antihypertenseur utilisé et aux complications de l’hypertension (p < 0,005 et p < 0,003 respectivement). L’ALT était significativement liée à la fréquence quotidienne de prise médicamenteuse (p < 0,05) et l’AST était significativement associée à la pression artérielle (p < 0,03). Conclusion. La plupart des classes de médicaments antihypertenseurs n’induisent pas d’effets indésirables hépatiques selon les dosages enzymatiques, à l’exception de la phosphatase alcaline (ALP) qui a montré une association positive avec le type de médicament utilisé, en particulier les inhibiteurs des canaux calciques.

Keywords

Hypertension, Antihypertensive medications and Liver Function (Serum Levels of Liver Enzymes), Buea Hypertension, Médicaments antihypertenseurs, Fonction hépatique (taux sériques des enzymes hépatiques), Buea

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Ekuri Peter Ojang, Zofou Denis, Ebot Walter Ojong, Berinyuy Bede, Obenson Florice, & Moses Njutain Ngemenya. (2025). Effect of Antihypertensive Medications on Liver Enzymes in a Group of Hypertensive Patients of the South West Region of Cameroon: : Effet des Médicaments Antihypertenseurs sur les Enzymes Hépatiques dans un Groupe de Patients Hypertendus de la Région du Sud-Ouest du Cameroun. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 26(8). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v26i8.6887
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