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Abstract

Introduction. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. The burden of these infections in Gabon, particularly in hospital settings, is poorly characterized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, spectrum, and associated factors of opportunistic infections among hospitalized PLHIV in a referral hospital in Libreville. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, reviewing medical records of adult patients (≥15 years) living with HIV and hospitalized for an opportunistic infection between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023, at the Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Training Hospital. Sociodemographic, clinical, biological, and outcome data were collected using a standardized form. Results. Out of 243 medical records of hospitalized PLHIV screened, 113 patients met the inclusion criteria, corresponding to a hospital prevalence of opportunistic infections of 46.5% (95% CI: 40.1–53.0). The median age was 47 years (IQR: 20–83) and the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.98. The most frequent infections were esophageal candidiasis (32.7%), tuberculosis (22.1%), and cerebral toxoplasmosis (13.3%). The median CD4+ T-cell count was 77.5 cells/μL (IQR: 38.5–189), and 92.2% of patients had interrupted their antiretroviral treatment before admission. In-hospital mortality was 38.8%. Conclusion. Nearly half of the PLHIV hospitalized in Libreville presented with an opportunistic infection, often in the context of severe immunosuppression and treatment disruption, leading to high mortality. These findings underscore the critical need to strengthen care retention programs and early ART initiation in Gabon.

Keywords

Opportunistic Infections HIV AIDS Hospitalization Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa Infections Opportunistes VIH SIDA Hospitalisation Gabon Afrique Subsaharienne

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Biyie Bi-Ngoghe Prudence, Kouna Oumoyi Doumbeneny MJ, Litchangou F, Kedy Nzondo M, Moussavou C, Bambatsi Manfoumbi R, … Mangouka Guinali L. (2025). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Opportunistic Infections Among Hospitalized People Living with HIV in Libreville, Gabon: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Prévalence et Facteurs Associés aux Infections Opportunistes chez les Patients Hospitalisés Vivant avec le VIH à Libreville, Gabon : Une Étude de Cohorte Rétrospective. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 26(12). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17669810
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