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Abstract
Introduction. The prognostic factors for kidney cancer are now well established: tumor size, tumor stage, nuclear grade, and histological type are the most important. We present the therapeutic and prognostic aspects of this pathology in Yaoundé. Methodology. We conducted a retrospective and prospective analytical study that took place from January 2010 to December 2015 in the Urology departments of the Central and General Hospitals of Yaoundé. We collected data on 35 cases of adult kidney tumors. Patients being followed for ongoing kidney tumors as well as those who underwent nephrectomy were included in our study. We extracted and analyzed information on the management and prognosis of renal cancers. Results. The mean age of the patients was 54.69 years with a female preponderance (76%). Renal ultrasound was performed on all patients ,while CT scans were done on 89%. In terms of location the right upper renal pole was the most common site (60%), followed by visceral metastases (11%) and then caval thrombi (11%). The most common tumor stages were T2 (37%), T1 (17%), T3 (17%) according to TNM classification. The various operations done were Total nephrectomy (69%), partial nephrectomy (9%) and metastasectomy (6%). Among our cases, we found clear cell carcinoma (66%) , angiomyolipomas (8%) and complex cysts (11%). The complications observed were: hemorrhage (14%), suppurations (9%), and pulmonary embolism (9%). It was observed that, beyond 38 months, the probability of survival is less than 0.5. The median survival was estimated at 30 months, at which point 50% of patients had died. Furthermore, the curve based on pathological stage reveals that patients with localized T1, T2 tumors had better survival than those with advanced stages (About 20-40 Months). Conclusion. Most patients underwent total nephrectomy. Patients with localized forms T1, T2 had better survival than those with advanced forms.
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References
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- [13] Badmus TA, Salako AB, Arogundade FA, Sanusi AA, AdesunkanmiARK, Oyebamiji EO, et al. Malignantrenaltumors in adult: aten-yearreview in a NigerianHospital. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2008;19:120—6.
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- [15] Chow WH, Devesa SS, Warren JL, FraumeniJr JF. Rising incidene of renal cell cancer cancer in the United States. JAMA 1999;281:1628-31.
- [16] Lightfoot N, Conlon M, Kreiger N, Bissett R, Desai M, Warde P et al. Impact of non-invasive imaging on increased incidental detection of renal cell cancer. EurUrol 2000; 37:521-7.
- [17] Honde M, Koffi K, Ette-dieng E, Boka MB, Effi BA, Troh E, et al. Aspects épidémiologiques et caractéristiques histologiques du cancer du rein de l’adulte à Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire. Med AfrNoire 1998;45:449—50.
References
[1] ParkinCM,Whelan SL, Ferlay J, Teppo L, Thomas D. Cancer Inci-dence in Five Continents. IARC Scientific Publications No155,volVIII. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Can-cer; 2002.
[2] Landis SH, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA. Cancer 1. statistics, 1999. CA Cancer.J.Clin. 1999; JanFeb;49(1):8,31, 1
[3] Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M, Montironi R, Kirkali Z. WHO classification of the renaltumors of the adults. EurUrol 2006; 49: 798805.
[4] Chow WH, Devesa SS, Warren JL, Fraumeni Jr JF. Risingincidence of renalcell cancer in United states. JAMA 1999;281:1628—31.
[5] Mathew A, Devesa SS, Fraumeni Jr JF, Chow WH. Global increases in kidney cancer incidence, 1973—1992. Eur J Cancer Prev 2002;11:171—8.
[6] Levi F, Ferlay J, Galeone C, Lucchini F, Negri E, Boyle P, et al.The changing of kidney cancer incidence and mortality in Europe. BJU Int 2008;101:949—58.
[7] Longuemaux S, Delomenie C, Gallou C, Mejean A, 4. Vincent Viry M, Bouvier R, et al. Candidate geneticmodifiers of individualsusceptibility to renalcellcarcinoma: A study of polymorphichumanxenobioticmetabolizing enzymes. Cancer Res. 1999; Jun 15;59(12):2903-8.
[8] Koutani A, Bretheau D, Lechevallier E, de Fromont 5. M, Rampal M, Coulange C. Les facteurs pronostiques de l’adénocarcinome rénal: Etude d’une série de 233 patients. [Prognosticfactors of renaladenocarcinoma: Study of a series of 233 patients]. Prog.Urol. 1996; Dec;6(6):884-90.
[9] Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010;15:2893-917.
[10] Sow M, TedjouaE,Mbakop A, Abondo A, Obama MT.Les tumeurs du rein en milieu africain. Incidence et aspects anatomo-cliniques. A propos de 123 cas observés à l’Hôpital Central et au C.H.U de Yaoundé (Cameroun).Prog en Urol (1994), 4, 214-218.
[11] Fall B, Diao B, Sow Y, Sarr A, Thiam A, Fall PA, Ndoye AK, Sylla C, Ba M, Mendes V, Diagne BA. Le cancer du rein de l’adulte au Sénégal: aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques actuels et évolution du profil sur les deux dernières décennies.Prog en Urol (2011), 21, 521-526.
[12] Honde M, Koffi K, Ette-dieng E, Boka MB, Effi BA, Troh E, et al. Aspects épidémiologiques et caractéristiques histologiques du cancer du rein de l’adulte à Abidjan- Cote d’Ivoire. Med Afr Noire 1998 ; 45:449-50.
[13] Badmus TA, Salako AB, Arogundade FA, Sanusi AA, AdesunkanmiARK, Oyebamiji EO, et al. Malignantrenaltumors in adult: aten-yearreview in a NigerianHospital. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2008;19:120—6.
[14] Ouattara K, Daffe S, Tembeley A. Les tumeurs du rein dans la pratique de l’urologie au Mali (à propos de 17 cas). Med Afr Noire 1933 ; 40 :253-256.
[15] Chow WH, Devesa SS, Warren JL, FraumeniJr JF. Rising incidene of renal cell cancer cancer in the United States. JAMA 1999;281:1628-31.
[16] Lightfoot N, Conlon M, Kreiger N, Bissett R, Desai M, Warde P et al. Impact of non-invasive imaging on increased incidental detection of renal cell cancer. EurUrol 2000; 37:521-7.
[17] Honde M, Koffi K, Ette-dieng E, Boka MB, Effi BA, Troh E, et al. Aspects épidémiologiques et caractéristiques histologiques du cancer du rein de l’adulte à Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire. Med AfrNoire 1998;45:449—50.