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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La dépression, dont l'incidence est plus élevée chez les femmes, et le burnout maternel, un syndrome d'épuisement lié au stress parental prolongé, représentent deux problèmes majeurs de santé mentale possiblement liés. En Afrique subsaharienne, cette association reste très peu documentée. Cette étude avait pour but de déterminer la prévalence de la dépression chez les femmes présentant un burnout maternel à Douala, au Cameroun. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude transversale de janvier à mai 2024 dans les services de gynéco-obstétrique et de vaccination de l'Hôpital Laquintinie et de l'Hôpital Général de Douala. Toutes les femmes ayant au moins un enfant vivant à domicile et consultant en externe étaient éligibles. La dépression a été évaluée par le Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) et le burnout maternel par le Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). Résultats. Sur 325 femmes interrogées, 317 ont été incluses dans l'analyse (âge moyen 33,3 ± 6,7 ans). La prévalence du burnout maternel confirmé (score PBA ≥ 76) s'élevait à 5,4 % (n = 17). Chez ces 17 femmes, la prévalence de la dépression (score PHQ-9 ≥ 5) atteignait 94,1 % (n = 16). La majorité des cas étaient modérés à sévères : 29,4 % présentaient une dépression modérée, 23,5 % une dépression modérément sévère et 17,6 % une dépression sévère. Seule une femme (5,9 %) ne rapportait aucun symptôme dépressif significatif. Conclusion. Cette étude révèle une association très forte entre burnout maternel et dépression dans le contexte camerounais, avec une quasi-totalité des femmes en situation d'épuisement parental présentant des symptômes dépressifs, souvent sévères. Ces résultats appellent à intégrer un dépistage systématique de ces deux troubles dans les services de santé maternelle et à développer des stratégies de prise en charge conjointes, adaptées au contexte socioculturel local.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Depression, with its higher incidence among women, and maternal burnout, an exhaustion syndrome related to prolonged parental stress, represent two major mental health issues that may be linked. In sub-Saharan Africa, this association remains poorly documented. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among women with maternal burnout in Douala, Cameroon. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study from January to May 2024 in the gynecology-obstetrics and vaccination departments of Laquintinie Hospital and Douala General Hospital. All women with at least one child living at home and attending outpatient clinics were eligible. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and maternal burnout using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). Results. Among 325 women surveyed, 317 were included in the analysis (mean age 33.3 ± 6.7 years). The prevalence of confirmed maternal burnout (PBA score ≥ 76) was 5.4% (n = 17). Among these 17 women, the prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5) reached 94.1% (n = 16). Most cases were moderate to severe: 29.4% had moderate depression, 23.5% moderately severe depression, and 17.6% severe depression. Only one woman (5.9%) reported no significant depressive symptoms. Conclusion. This study reveals a very strong association between maternal burnout and depression in the Cameroonian context, with nearly all women experiencing parental exhaustion also presenting depressive symptoms, often severe. These findings call for integrating systematic screening for both disorders into maternal health services and developing joint management strategies adapted to the local sociocultural context.
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References
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- 6. Sabzi N, Khosravi Z, Kalantar-Hormozi B. Parental burnout and depression among Iranian mothers: The mediating role of Maladaptive Coping modes. Brain Behav. 2023;13(4):e2900.
- 7. Hatta O, Kpassagou BL. The socio-demographic risk factors for parental burnout in Togo. Educ Dev Psychol. 2023;40(2):262-71.
- 8. Sodi T, Kpassagou LB, Hatta O, Ndayizigiye A, Ndayipfukamiye J, Tenkué JN, et al. Parenting and parental burnout in Africa. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2020;2020(174):101-17.
- 9. Ataigba INE, Gnandji GGA, Koivogui DS, Dagan OC, Tokpanoude CI, Adoufou KA, et al. Maternal Burnout: Prevalence and Associated Factors in Northern Benin (2023). Open J Psychiatry. 2024;14(1):29-44.
- 10. Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Callahan S, Séjourné N. Development and preliminary validation of the Maternal Burnout Scale (MBS) in a French sample of mothers: bifactorial structure, reliability, and validity. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020;23(4):573-83.
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- 12. Hugon A. L'historiographie de la maternité en Afrique subsaharienne. Clio. 2005;(21):212-29.
- 13. Arikan G, Üstündağ-Budak AM, Akgün E, Mikolajczak M, Roskam I. Validation of the Turkish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2020;2020(174):15-32.
- 14. Chen BB, Qu Y, Yang B, Chen X. Chinese mothers' parental burnout and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems: The mediating role of maternal hostility. Dev Psychol. 2022;58(4):768-77.
- 15. Blanchard MA, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M, Heeren A. A network approach to parental burnout. Child Abuse Negl. 2021;111:104826.
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References
1. Polizzi C, Giordano G, Burgio S, Lavanco G, Alesi M. Maternal Competence, Maternal Burnout and Personality Traits in Italian Mothers after the First COVID-19 Lockdown. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(16):9791.
2. Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. Principaux repères sur la dépression. 2022. Disponible sur: https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
3. Griffith AK. Parental Burnout and Child Maltreatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Fam Violence. 2022;37(5):725-31.
4. Séjourné N, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Leboullenger A, Callahan S. Maternal burn-out: an exploratory study. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2018;36(3):276-88.
5. Ren X, Cai Y, Wang J, Chen O. A systematic review of parental burnout and related factors among parents. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):376.
6. Sabzi N, Khosravi Z, Kalantar-Hormozi B. Parental burnout and depression among Iranian mothers: The mediating role of Maladaptive Coping modes. Brain Behav. 2023;13(4):e2900.
7. Hatta O, Kpassagou BL. The socio-demographic risk factors for parental burnout in Togo. Educ Dev Psychol. 2023;40(2):262-71.
8. Sodi T, Kpassagou LB, Hatta O, Ndayizigiye A, Ndayipfukamiye J, Tenkué JN, et al. Parenting and parental burnout in Africa. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2020;2020(174):101-17.
9. Ataigba INE, Gnandji GGA, Koivogui DS, Dagan OC, Tokpanoude CI, Adoufou KA, et al. Maternal Burnout: Prevalence and Associated Factors in Northern Benin (2023). Open J Psychiatry. 2024;14(1):29-44.
10. Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Callahan S, Séjourné N. Development and preliminary validation of the Maternal Burnout Scale (MBS) in a French sample of mothers: bifactorial structure, reliability, and validity. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020;23(4):573-83.
11. Abshir JNL, Osman F, Dahir G, Dahlberg A. Parental burnout among Somali mothers: Associations with mental health, perceived social support, and sociodemographic factors. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023;3(10):e0002501.
12. Hugon A. L'historiographie de la maternité en Afrique subsaharienne. Clio. 2005;(21):212-29.
13. Arikan G, Üstündağ-Budak AM, Akgün E, Mikolajczak M, Roskam I. Validation of the Turkish version of the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2020;2020(174):15-32.
14. Chen BB, Qu Y, Yang B, Chen X. Chinese mothers' parental burnout and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems: The mediating role of maternal hostility. Dev Psychol. 2022;58(4):768-77.
15. Blanchard MA, Roskam I, Mikolajczak M, Heeren A. A network approach to parental burnout. Child Abuse Negl. 2021;111:104826.
16. Sanchez Rodriguez R, Laflaquière E, Orsini E, Pierce T, Callahan S, Séjourné N. Maternal fatigue and burnout: From self-forgetfulness to environmental expectations. Eur Rev Appl Psychol. 2020;70(6):100601.
