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Abstract
Introduction. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of our study were to determine its prevalence, describe the epidemiological profile of the patients, and assess maternal and fetal complications at the Ebolowa Regional Hospital in Cameroon. Materials and Methods. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 960 pregnant women admitted to the Ebolowa Regional Hospital over a 36-month period. All pregnant women who presented to the prenatal and maternity clinics during this period were included. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results. Forty-nine cases of gestational hypertension were diagnosed, representing a prevalence of 5.1%. The most common age group was 25 to 29 years (34.7%). Unemployed women (42.9%) and unmarried women (73.5%) constituted the majority. Preeclampsia was the predominant clinical form (55.1%), followed by eclampsia (22.4%). The diagnosis was made primarily during labor (65.3%). Calcium channel blockers (77.6%) and alphamethyldopa (75.5%) were the most commonly used antihypertensive medications. Maternal complications were observed in 30.6% of cases, with eclampsia being the most common (20.4%). Perinatal mortality was 16.3%. No maternal deaths were recorded. Conclusion. Pregnancy-induced hypertension represents a public health problem at the Ebolowa Regional Hospital. Strengthening prenatal care remains essential to improve early detection and reduce associated maternal and fetal morbidity.
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References
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- 11. Adamu AN, Ekele BA, Ahmed Y, Mohammed BA, Isezuo SA, Abdullahi SA. Pregnancy outcome in women with eclampsia at a tertiary centre in northern Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2012; 41(2):211-219.
- 12. Dassah ET, Kusi-Mensah E, Morhe ESK, Odoi AT (2019)Maternal and perinatal outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Kumasi,Ghana. PloS ONE 14(10): e0223478. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223478
- 13. Noubiap, JeanJacques, Jean Joel Bigna, Ulrich Flore Nyaga, Ahmadou M.Jingi, Arnaud D.Kase, Jobert Richie Nansseu, and Joel Fokom Domgue. ‘The Burden of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Africa: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.’’ The journal of clinical Hypertension21, no. 4(2019): 479-88. https://doi.org/10,1111/jch.13514
- 14. Too G, Hill JB. Hypertensive crisis during pregnancy and postpartum period. Semin Perinatol. 2013; 37(4):280-287.
- 15. Von Dadelszen P, Magee LA, Roberts JM. Subclassification of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2003; 22(2):143-148.
- 16. Walle, Tarkie Abebe. ‘’Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy Prevalence and Associated Factors among*Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care at Gondar Town Health Institutions, North West Ethiopia 2017 Elsevier
- 17. Souaré Fatouma Dicko, Aniessa Kodio, Mari Réné Dakowo, Bakary Senou, Aliou Sangare, Boubacar Diarra, Almou Diall, Aissata Guindo, Yves Komaré,Samba Samake, Bouréma Dembele. Hypertension Artérielle chez la Femme Enceinte à Bamako. Health Sci. Dis: Vol 26; (2), February 2025, pp 57-61 Available free at www.hsd-fmsb.org.
- 18. Sanogo M, Traoré Y, Sidibé A, Dembélé A. Prise en charge de l'hypertension artérielle associée à la grossesse à Kalaban Coro (Mali). 2025. Health Res. Afr: Vol 3; (3), March 2025, pp 50-54.
- 19. Thiam M, Cissé CT, Moreau JC. Hypertension artérielle et grossesse. Ann SOGGO. 2024. Available from: https://annalesdelasoggo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/HTA-THIAM-M.pdf
- 20. Cissoko AS, Toure M, Dembele B, Sidibe N, Diakite M, Diarra B, Ba HO, Sangare I, Fofana CH, Sangare A, Menta I, L’Hypertension Artérielle du Sujet âgé au CHU Gabriel Toure (Bamako) , HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE: Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022): Health Sciences and Disease
References
1. Traoré Tidiani T, Maïga T. Hypertension Artérielle et Grossesse : Aspects Epidémiocliniques et Complications à l'Hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou. Health Sci and Dis. 2021; 22(9). Available from: http://hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/2975
2. Mounier-Vehier C, Amar J, Boivin JM, Denolle T, Fauvel JP, Plu-Bureau G, et al. Hypertension artérielle et grossesse. Consensus d'experts de la Société française d'hypertension artérielle. Presse Med. 2016; 45(7):682-99.
3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 222. Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 135(6):e237-e260.
4. World Health Organization. Pre-eclampsia [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 31]. Available from: https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pre-eclampsia.
5. Foumsou L, Kouamé A, Danmadji N, Gabkika B, Damthéou S, Aché H. Severe preeclampsia at the University Hospital Center of Mother and Child in N'djamena: Epidemiology and prognosis. Clin J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;5(1):009-12.
6. Baragou S, Goeh-Akue E, Pio M, Afassinou YM, Atta B. Hypertension artérielle et grossesse à Lomé (Afrique sub-saharienne) : aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et facteurs de risque. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 2014;63(3):145-50.
7. Institut National de la Statistique du Cameroun. Annuaire Statistique de la Région du Sud, édition 2020 [Internet]. Yaoundé: INS; 2020 [cited 2025 Dec 30]. Available from: https://ins-cameroun.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/AN_SUD_2020-1.pdf
8. American College of Obtetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Practice BulletinsObstetrics. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 222. Obstet Gynecol 2020 ; 135(6):e237-e260
9. Magee LA, Pels A, Helewa M, Rey E, von Dadelszen P; Canadian Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Working Group. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: executive summary. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2014; 36(5):416-441.
10. Bokola BK, Kinkodi DK, Longo-Mbenza B, Bakebe A, Makoyi VM, Buila BK. Risk factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension in Congolese women. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2018; 29(6):348-353.
11. Adamu AN, Ekele BA, Ahmed Y, Mohammed BA, Isezuo SA, Abdullahi SA. Pregnancy outcome in women with eclampsia at a tertiary centre in northern Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2012; 41(2):211-219.
12. Dassah ET, Kusi-Mensah E, Morhe ESK, Odoi AT (2019)Maternal and perinatal outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Kumasi,Ghana. PloS ONE 14(10): e0223478. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223478
13. Noubiap, JeanJacques, Jean Joel Bigna, Ulrich Flore Nyaga, Ahmadou M.Jingi, Arnaud D.Kase, Jobert Richie Nansseu, and Joel Fokom Domgue. ‘The Burden of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Africa: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.’’ The journal of clinical Hypertension21, no. 4(2019): 479-88. https://doi.org/10,1111/jch.13514
14. Too G, Hill JB. Hypertensive crisis during pregnancy and postpartum period. Semin Perinatol. 2013; 37(4):280-287.
15. Von Dadelszen P, Magee LA, Roberts JM. Subclassification of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2003; 22(2):143-148.
16. Walle, Tarkie Abebe. ‘’Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy Prevalence and Associated Factors among*Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care at Gondar Town Health Institutions, North West Ethiopia 2017 Elsevier
17. Souaré Fatouma Dicko, Aniessa Kodio, Mari Réné Dakowo, Bakary Senou, Aliou Sangare, Boubacar Diarra, Almou Diall, Aissata Guindo, Yves Komaré,Samba Samake, Bouréma Dembele. Hypertension Artérielle chez la Femme Enceinte à Bamako. Health Sci. Dis: Vol 26; (2), February 2025, pp 57-61 Available free at www.hsd-fmsb.org.
18. Sanogo M, Traoré Y, Sidibé A, Dembélé A. Prise en charge de l'hypertension artérielle associée à la grossesse à Kalaban Coro (Mali). 2025. Health Res. Afr: Vol 3; (3), March 2025, pp 50-54.
19. Thiam M, Cissé CT, Moreau JC. Hypertension artérielle et grossesse. Ann SOGGO. 2024. Available from: https://annalesdelasoggo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/HTA-THIAM-M.pdf
20. Cissoko AS, Toure M, Dembele B, Sidibe N, Diakite M, Diarra B, Ba HO, Sangare I, Fofana CH, Sangare A, Menta I, L’Hypertension Artérielle du Sujet âgé au CHU Gabriel Toure (Bamako) , HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE: Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022): Health Sciences and Disease