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ABSTRACT
Introduction. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the leading causes of medical consultation in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on the prevalence of ARIs in central and western Cote d'Ivoire are lacking. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ARIs in central and western Côte d'Ivoire. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. It included patients of all ages admitted for ARIs diagnosed on the basis of clinical arguments. Results. Of a total of 12,794 patients received during the study period, 1,817 had ARI, a frequency of 14%. ARI affected 915 male patients, a sex ratio of 1.01, and patients aged 0 to 2 years were the most infected (38.24%). Extrinsic factors associated with ARIs were urban environment (63.40% and p=0.02) and lack of schooling (56.57% with p=0.00). Dry cough (18.32%) and wet cough (30.98%) were the most commonly observed respiratory signs. More than 15% of patients with ARI were registered during the months of July, August, September, and October. Conclusion. These results could serve as a basis for epidemiological surveillance of ARI in these regions.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les infections respiratoires aiguës (IRA) constituent l’une des principales causes de consultation médicale en Afrique subsaharienne. Les données sur la prévalence des IRA dans le centre et l’ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire sont insuffisantes. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence des IRA dans le centre et l’ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale menée du 1er janvier 2018 au 31 décembre 2020. Elle a inclus des patients de tous âges admis pour des IRA diagnostiquées sur la base d’arguments cliniques. Résultats. Sur un total de 12 794 patients reçus au cours de la période d’étude, 1 817 présentaient une IRA, soit une fréquence de 14 %. Les IRA touchaient 915 patients de sexe masculin, soit un sex-ratio de 1,01, et les patients âgés de 0 à 2 ans étaient les plus infectés (38,24 %). Les facteurs extrinsèques associés aux IRA étaient le milieu urbain (63,40 % et p=0,02) et la non-scolarisation (56,57 % avec p=0,00). La toux sèche (18,32 %) et la toux grasse (30,98 %) étaient les signes respiratoires les plus fréquemment observés. Plus de 15 % des patients atteints d’IRA ont été enregistrés durant les mois de juillet, août, septembre et octobre. Conclusion. Ces résultats pourraient servir de base à la surveillance épidémiologique des IRA dans ces régions.
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References
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- 2. Ghimire P, Gachhadar R, Piya N, Shrestha K, Shrestha K. Prevalence and factors associated with acute respiratory infection among under-five children in selected tertiary hospitals of Kathmandu Valley. PLoS ONE. April 7, 2022 17(4): 1-11
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- 7. Coulibaly MB, Tembine I, Dembele JP, Toungara K, Tembine K, Taore DF. Acute respiratory infection in rural area : Prospective study of 387 cases at the community and university health center of Konobougou, Mali. Journal of african clinical cases and reviews. 2022 ; 6(3) : 276-282
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- 11. Ahmet A, Ngakoutou R, Dieudonne D, Madtoingue J, Yves D, Ali MM. Lower respiratory infections non tuberculosis: epidemio logical, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features in the pneumology department of the CHU-RN of N’Djamena. Journal of Functional Ventilation and Pulmonology. 2024 ; 45(15) : 50-55
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References
1. Annesi-maesano I, Dab W. Air pollution and the lungs: An epidemiological approach. Medicine/Sciences. June-July 2006; 22: 589-594
2. Ghimire P, Gachhadar R, Piya N, Shrestha K, Shrestha K. Prevalence and factors associated with acute respiratory infection among under-five children in selected tertiary hospitals of Kathmandu Valley. PLoS ONE. April 7, 2022 17(4): 1-11
3. Adedemy J.D., Noudamadjo A., Agossou J., Alméida H.M., Adeye F.R. & Ayivi B. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and associated factors of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0-5 years at the Parakou Departmental Hospital Center, Benin. African Journal of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics. 2017, No. 2: 47-53
4. Anonymous. Annual Report on the Health Situation (RASS) 2020 in Cote d'Ivoire. Ministry of Health, Public Hygiene and Universal Health Coverage (MSHPCMU); Directorate of Information Technology and Health Information (DIIS), July 2021: p593
5. Sogoba A. Clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects of acute lower respiratory infections in the pediatric department of the CSREF C II in Bamako. Doctoral thesis, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako. Medical thesis 2019, p92
6. Ngombe LK, Ditunga M, Kameya N, Malingo AA, Kayomb NK, Ngolombaea NJ, Nday DK, Numbi L. Acute respiratory infection and nutritional status in children aged 0-5 years: case of the university clinics of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo.Pan African Medical Journal. 2014; 19(393): 1-5
7. Coulibaly MB, Tembine I, Dembele JP, Toungara K, Tembine K, Taore DF. Acute respiratory infection in rural area : Prospective study of 387 cases at the community and university health center of Konobougou, Mali. Journal of african clinical cases and reviews. 2022 ; 6(3) : 276-282
8. Diop MM, Camara E, Barry IK, Barry MC, Barry A, Doukoure MA, Diallo SB. Factors associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0-5 years admitted in the Donka National Hospital (Conakry). Health Sciences Diseases. March 2020 ; 21(3) : 35-38.
9. Kadjo HA., Adjogoua E, Dia N, Adagba M, Ouattara A, Saraka D, Kouakou B, Ngolo DC, Coulibaly D, Ndahwouh TN, Dosso M. Detection of non-influenza viruses in acute respiratory infections in children under five-year-old in Cote d’Ivoire (January december 2013). African Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2018 ; 12(2) : 78-88
10. Lagare A, Ousmane S, Dano ID, Issaka B, Issa I, Maïnassara HB, Testa J, Tempia S, Mamadou S. Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital-based observational study in Niamey, Niger. Health Science Reports, Wiley. 2019 ; 2(11) : 1 12
11. Ahmet A, Ngakoutou R, Dieudonne D, Madtoingue J, Yves D, Ali MM. Lower respiratory infections non tuberculosis: epidemio logical, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features in the pneumology department of the CHU-RN of N’Djamena. Journal of Functional Ventilation and Pulmonology. 2024 ; 45(15) : 50-55
12. Benferhat A, Benbetka Y, Souilah S, Messaoudi I, Khennouf K, Djami N, Dermech N, Fissah A ().Prospective study of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): clinical, biological, radiological, and evolutionary profile of 52 cases. 22nd French-Language Pulmonology Congress - Lyon, January 26-28, 2018. Pulmonology, Algiers, Algeria. 2018, No. 569: p1
13. Mogou LBE, Kouadio NYC, Diomande BI. Climate evolution and dynamics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in the city of Soubré in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. African spatial and societal changes. 2019 ; 2022(1) : p30