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Abstract

Introduction. Hematologic malignancies pose major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, where resources for immunophenotyping and molecular biology are limited. In Niger, their epidemiology remains poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and diagnostic characteristics of hematologic malignancies managed at the Maradi Reference Hospital. Materials and methods. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, retrospective from March 2021 to December 2024 and prospective from January to September 2025, including all patients of any age and sex diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy in the hematology-oncology department. Epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical variables were analyzed. Diagnostic criteria were based on complete blood counts, bone marrow aspiration, histology, immunohistochemistry, immunophenotyping, and molecular biology (BCR-ABL). Results. A total of 127 cases were included. The hospital prevalence was 8.44% (127/1505). Mean age was 41.6 ± 19.7 years (range 2–80 years), with a male predominance (sex ratio 1.5). Anemic (84.3%) and tumor (71.7%) syndromes were the most frequent. Bone marrow aspiration was performed in 44.1% of patients, histology in 35.4%, immunohistochemistry in 11.8%, immunophenotyping in 3.9%, and BCR-ABL testing in 80% of suspected chronic myeloid leukemia cases. Lymphoproliferative syndromes predominated (65.4%), followed by myeloproliferative syndromes (13.4%) and acute leukemias (12.6%). Conclusion. Hematologic malignancies in Maradi mainly affect young adults and are dominated by lymphoproliferative syndromes. Access to reference diagnostic tests (immunophenotyping, cytogenetics) remains very limited, underscoring the urgent need to strengthen laboratory infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Elhadji Chefou Moustapha, Malam-Abdou B, Moustapha MB, Djibrilla-Almoustapha A, Liman Elhadji Ali IT, Yacouba A, … Sani Ousmane Sage A2. (2026). Epidemiological and Diagnostic Features of Malignant Hematological Diseases in Niger: A 54‑Month Cross‑Sectional Study at Maradi Reference Hospital: Aspects Épidémiologiques et Diagnostiques des Hémopathies Malignes au Niger : Une Etude Transversale de 54 Mois à l’Hôpital de Référence de Maradi. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 27(7), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20628641

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