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Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa, where data on its management and prognosis remain limited. Brain computed tomography (CT) plays a key role in diagnosis, but its use in resource-limited settings raises optimization questions. This study aimed to evaluate the use of brain CT in diagnosing TBI and to analyze its relationship with patient outcomes in two Cameroonian referral hospitals. Methods. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 420 patient files with head trauma, collected from January 2018 to June 2023 at the Bamenda Regional Hospital and the Kouekong Referral Hospital (Bafoussam). Demographic, clinical, CT scan, and outcome data were collected. CT indications were assessed against NICE, American College of Radiology, and Canadian CT Head Rule guidelines. Chi-square tests were used, with significance set at p<0.05. Results. Mean age was 31.1 years, with a male predominance (sex ratio 3.1). Road traffic accidents were the main cause (64.3%). CT was requested for 324 patients, with a realization rate of 61.9%, significantly higher at Kouekong (75.9%) than at Bamenda (56.6%). Among CT scans requested for mild TBI, 63.5% were deemed unnecessary per Canadian CT Head Rule criteria. CT utilization was significantly associated with better outcomes (OR=0.035; p<0.001). Conclusion. This study highlights disparities in brain CT utilization and significant over-requesting in mild TBI. It underscores the need for adherence to clinical guidelines and optimization of resource allocation to improve TBI management in Cameroon.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Le traumatisme crânien (TC) constitue un problème majeur de santé publique en Afrique subsaharienne, où les données sur sa prise en charge et son pronostic restent limitées. L'imagerie par tomodensitométrie (TDM) joue un rôle clé dans le diagnostic, mais son utilisation en contexte de ressources limitées soulève des questions d'optimisation. Cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer l'utilisation de la TDM cérébrale dans le diagnostic du TC et d’analyser sa relation avec le pronostic des patients dans deux hôpitaux de référence camerounais. Méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective descriptive portant sur 420 dossiers de patients victimes de TC, colligés de janvier 2018 à juin 2023 à l'Hôpital Régional de Bamenda et à l'Hôpital de Référence de Kouekong (Bafoussam). Les données démographiques, cliniques, scanographiques et évolutives ont été recueillies. Les indications de la TDM ont été évaluées selon les recommandations du NICE, de l'American College of Radiology et de la Canadian CT Head Rule. Les comparaisons ont utilisé le test du Chi², avec un seuil de significativité à p<0,05. Résultats. L'âge moyen était de 31,1 ans, avec une prédominance masculine (sex-ratio 3,1). Les accidents de la voie publique constituaient la principale cause (64,3%). Une TDM a été demandée chez 324 patients, avec un taux de réalisation de 61,9%, significativement plus élevé à Kouekong (75,9%) qu'à Bamenda (56,6%). Parmi les TDM demandées pour TC léger, 63,5% étaient jugées non indiquées selon les critères de la Canadian CT Head Rule. L'utilisation de la TDM était significativement associée à un meilleur pronostic (OR=0,035; p<0,001). Conclusion. Cette étude met en évidence des disparités dans l'utilisation de la TDM cérébrale et une sur-prescription importante chez les TC légers. Elle souligne la nécessité d'une adhésion aux recommandations cliniques et d'une optimisation de l'allocation des ressources pour améliorer la prise en charge des TC au Cameroun.

Keywords

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan Guidelines Outcome Sub-Saharan Africa Traumatic Brain Injury Recommandations relatives à la tomodensitométrie (TDM), résultats Afrique subsaharienne traumatisme crânien

Article Details

How to Cite
Laah NS, Ndam FN, Bassong PY, Feudjio G, Mboule RD, Lanike B, & Chichom Mefire. (2026). Utilization of Brain Computed Tomography in Traumatic Brain Injury Management and Adherence to Guidelines in Cameroon: A Retrospective Study in Two Referral Hospitals: Utilisation du Scanner Cérébral dans la Prise en Charge des Traumatismes Crâniens et Respect des Recommandations au Cameroun : Une Étude Rétrospective dans Deux Hôpitaux de Référence . HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 27(9), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.67260/hsd.v27i9.7872

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