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Abstract

RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les infections du site opératoire (ISO) constituent une cause majeure de morbidité en chirurgie. L’environnement hospitalier, incluant l’air, les surfaces, les équipements et le matériel, est suspecté comme réservoir de germes responsables. Cette étude visait à comparer les profils bactériologiques des sites opératoires infectés (SOI) et des environnements physique, matériel et aérien dans les services de chirurgie de Yaoundé. Méthode. Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective et descriptive réalisée de Septembre 2020 à Octobre 2021 dans sept services de chirurgies appartenant à quatre formations sanitaires de Yaoundé, Cameroun. La prévalence des ISO a été calculée. Pour chaque ISO, un prélèvement de pus a été effectué. Parallèlement, des prélèvements d’air par sédimentation, de surfaces, des équipements et du matériel ont été réalisés. Ces échantillons ont été soumis à une analyse bactériologique classique afin d’établir les profils. La comparaison des profils a été réalisée à l’aide de l’indice de similitude de Sorensen. Résultats. 103 cas d’ISO ont été diagnostiqués sur les 2059 patients opérés soit une prévalence de 5%. Au total 278 souches appartenant à 17 espèces bactériennes ont été isolées des SOI avec une prédominance de S. aureus (17,7%), Klebsiella spp. (11,2%), Enterococcus spp. (9,4%) et Pseudomonas spp. (8,7%). 202 souches appartenant à 19 espèces bactériennes ont été isolées des environnements hospitaliers avec une prédominance de Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. et d’Enterobacter spp. L’air était le site de prélèvement le plus contaminé suivi des paillasses. L’indice de Sorensen entre les souches cliniques et environnementales variait de 42,1% à 69,3%. Les espèces les plus fréquemment en concordance étaient Streptococcus spp., S. aureus et Enterococcus spp. Conclusion. Cette étude met en évidence des similitudes entre les profils bactériologiques des SOI et de l’environnement hospitalier. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance du contrôle microbiologique de l’environnement et du renforcement des mesures d’hygiène hospitalière pour prévenir les ISO conformément aux recommandations du CDC.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are major cause of postoperative morbidity. The hospital environment, including air, surfaces and equipment, is suspected to be a reservoir for pathogens responsible for SSIs. The aim of this study was to compare the bacteriological profiles of infected surgical sites and the physical, material and airborne environments in surgical departments in Yaoundé. Method. This was a prospective descriptive study conducted from September 2020 to October 2021 across seven surgical departments in four healthcare facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) was calculated. For each SSI, a pus sample was collected. Concurrently, environmental air samples were collected using the settle plate method, alongside swab samples from surfaces, equipment, and medical devices. These samples underwent standard microbiological analysis to establish bacterial profiles. Profile comparisons were performed using the Sørensen similarity index. Results. Out of 2059 patients operated, 103 cases of SSIs were recorded, giving a prevalence of 5%. A total of 278 strains representing 17 bacterial species were isolated from infected surgical sites. The predominant bacteria were S. aureus (17,7%), Klebsiella spp. (11,2%), Enterococcus spp. (9,4%) and Pseudomonas spp. (8,7%). 202 strains belonging to 19 bacterial species were isolated from hospitals environments. The most frequent isolates were Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Enterobacter spp. Air samples showed the highest contamination rates, followed by work surfaces. Sorensen similarity indices between clinical and environmental isolates ranged from 42,1% to 69,3%. The most common concordant species were Streptococcus spp., S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. Conclusion. This study revealed partial similarities between the bacteriological profiles of infected surgical sites and the hospital environment. These findings highlight the need to strengthen environmental microbiological monitoring and hygiene measures to prevent SSIs, in accordance with CDC recommendations.

Keywords

Bacteriological profile, surgical site infection, hospital environment, surgical departments Profil bactériologique, infection du site opératoire, environnement hospitalier, service de chirurgie

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How to Cite
Avomo A Jeanne, Eteme E Serges, Tombedi Marie-Christine, Yengue Jacqueline, Assong E Danielle, & Ntsama E Claudine. (2026). Bacteriological Profiles of Surgical Site Infections and Hospital Environment Across Seven Surgical Units in Yaounde: Profils Bactériologiques des Infections du Site Opératoire et de l’Environnement Hospitalier dans Sept Services de Chirurgie de Yaoundé. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 27(10), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.67260/hsd.v27i10.7894
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