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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) constituent la première cause de mortalité dans le monde, avec près de 19,8 millions de décès en 2022, dont plus de 75 % surviennent dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire. L'augmentation rapide des facteurs de risque modifiables (hypertension, diabète, obésité, dyslipidémie) dans les pays en développement souligne la nécessité de stratégies de dépistage précoce. Cette étude avait pour but d'évaluer le profil cardiovasculaire et d'estimer le risque cardiovasculaire global des patients dépistés lors d'une journée de dépistage systématique à Conakry. Méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive le 2 novembre 2025, incluant 474 patients ayant participé à une journée de dépistage systématique du diabète. Les données sociodémographiques, cliniques (pression artérielle, glycémie), anthropométriques (poids, taille, IMC) et biologiques ont été collectées. Le risque cardiovasculaire à 10 ans a été estimé à l'aide du score OMS/ISH et catégorisé en faible (<10 %), modéré (10-20 %) et élevé (≥20 %). Résultats. L'âge moyen était de 45 ans, avec une prédominance féminine (68 %). La prévalence du diabète et de l'hypertension artérielle était respectivement de 85 % et 84 %. L'obésité et le surpoids concernaient respectivement 37 % et 29 % des patients. La majorité des patients présentait un risque cardiovasculaire élevé (52 %) ou modéré (47 %), tandis que seulement 1,7 % avaient un risque faible. Conclusion. Cette étude met en évidence une forte prévalence des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires et une proportion élevée de patients à risque modéré à élevé dans une population hospitalière à Conakry. Ces résultats soulignent l'urgence de renforcer les stratégies de dépistage précoce et de prévention primaire, en particulier chez les femmes et les sujets jeunes, pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité cardiovasculaire en Guinée.
ABSTRACT
Background. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with nearly 19.8 million deaths in 2022, over 75% of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. The rapid increase in modifiable risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia) in developing countries underscores the need for early screening strategies. This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular profile and estimate the overall cardiovascular risk of patients screened during a systematic screening day in Conakry. Methods. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study on November 2, 2025, including 474 patients who participated in a systematic diabetes screening day. Sociodemographic, clinical (blood pressure, blood glucose), anthropometric (weight, height, BMI), and biological data were collected. Ten-year cardiovascular risk was estimated using the WHO/ISH score and categorized as low (<10%), moderate (10-20%), and high (≥20%). Results. Mean age was 45 years, with a female predominance (68%). Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was 85% and 84%, respectively. Obesity and overweight affected 37% and 29% of patients, respectively. The majority of patients had high (52%) or moderate (47%) cardiovascular risk, while only 1.7% had low risk. Conclusion. This study reveals a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a high proportion of patients with moderate to high cardiovascular risk in a hospital population in Conakry. These findings underscore the urgency of strengthening early screening and primary prevention strategies, particularly among women and young people, to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Guinea.
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References
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References
1. World Health Organization (WHO). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). WhoInt 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) (accessed June 25, 2026).
2. Freihat O, Sipos D, Aamir M, et al. Global burden and future projections of non-communicable diseases (2000–2050): Progress toward SDG 3.4 and disparities across regions and risk factors. PLOS ONE 2025;20: e0336036. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0336036.
3. Chaturvedi A, Zhu A, Gadela NV, et al. Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases. Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979 2024; 81:387–99. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21354.
4. Alexander C Razavi, Asma Rayani, MBBS, Aaron L Troy, et al. Updates in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: An International Perspective. Am Coll Cardiol 2025.
5. Kaptoge S, Pennells L, Bacquer DD, et al. World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions. Lancet Glob Health 2019;7:e1332–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30318-3.
6. Neeland IJ, Lim S, Tchernof A, et al. Metabolic syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primer 2024 ;10:77. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-024-00563-5.
7. Enoh JE, Akah RT, Nkeh-Chungag B. Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among African University Students: A Systematic Review. BioMed 2024; 5:1. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomed5010001.
8. He Q, Abdureyim M, He Z, et al. Factors associated with age-specific maternal health-seeking behaviours among women: A Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey-based study in 10 African countries. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04095. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.12.04095.
9. Negash WD, Kefale GT, Belachew TB, et al. Married women decision-making autonomy on health care utilization in high fertility sub-Saharan African countries: A multilevel analysis of recent Demographic and Health Survey. PLOS ONE 2023;18:e0288603. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288603.
10. Hinneh T, Akyirem S, Bossman IF, et al. regional prevalence of hypertension among people diagnosed with diabetes in Africa, a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023;3:e0001931. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001931.
11. Agyemang C, Kushitor SB, Afrifa-Anane GF, et al. Obesity in Africa: A Silent Public Health Crisis. Metab. Syndr., Springer, Cham; 2023, p. 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40116-9_5.
12. Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier CP, Burke VCLE, et al. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 2021;143: e984–1010. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973.
13. Stefan N, Schulze MB. Metabolic health and cardiometabolic risk clusters: implications for prediction, prevention, and treatment. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:426–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00086-4.
14. Cook WK, Li L, Tam CC, et al. Associations of clustered health risk behaviors with diabetes and hypertension in White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian American adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:773. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12938-y.
