Mortalité dans les 30 Jours Suivant l'Administration d'une Thérapie Anticancéreuse Systémique dans une Unité d'Oncologie Médicale à Yaoundé: Mortality Within 30 Days of Administration of a Systemic Anticancer Therapy in a Medical Oncology Unit of Yaounde

Etienne Atenguena Okobalemba; Lionel Tabola Fossa; Berthe Sabine Esson Mapoko; Kenn Chi Ndi; Georges Eric Nseme Etouckey; Augustin Bambara Tozoula; Rachel Tayou; Anne Juliette Flora Sango; Zacharie Sando; Paul Ndom

doi:10.5281/hra.v2i5.5569

Authors

Etienne Atenguena Okobalemba 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Lionel Tabola Fossa 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Berthe Sabine Esson Mapoko 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Kenn Chi Ndi 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Georges Eric Nseme Etouckey 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Augustin Bambara Tozoula 2. Laboratory of Non-Communicable Diseases, Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences, Joseph Ki Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Rachel Tayou 3. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
Anne Juliette Flora Sango 4. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Zacharie Sando 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Paul Ndom 1. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i5.5569

Keywords:

mortality, 30 days, cancer, systemic treatment

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Various drugs are used to treat cancer, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapies or biotherapies, and immunotherapy. Mortality within 30 days of the administration of systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) has been proposed as an indicator of quality of care. The aim of our study was to report mortality within 30 days of administration of SACT in a medical oncology unit in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021 in the medical oncology department of the Yaoundé General Hospital on all cancer patients who received SACT and died within 30 days of the administration of this treatment were included in this study. Results. We registered 1056 patients who received systemic anticancer treatment, 31 died within 30 days of administration, giving a mortality rate of 2.9%. The mean age was 53.3 years and the sex ratio was 0.35. Among our patients, advanced cancer was found in 96.8% of which 90.3% were treated for palliative reasons. Chemotherapy was the last therapeutic modality most frequently used (83,8%). Three causes were the leading immediate causes of death: cerebral failure (19, 4%), combined cancer and sepsis (19,4%), and sepsis (19,4%). Conclusion. The percentage of deaths within 30 days of administration of a SACT in this study is close to the lower limit of the various values found in the literature. The administration of SACT in sub-Saharan Africa is not aggressive.
RESUME
Introduction. Divers médicaments sont utilisés pour traiter le cancer, notamment la chimiothérapie cytotoxique, la thérapie hormonale, les thérapies ciblées ou la biothérapie, et l'immunothérapie. La mortalité dans les 30 jours suivant l'administration d'une thérapie anticancéreuse systémique (SACT) a été proposée comme un indicateur de la qualité des soins. L'objectif de notre étude était de rapporter la mortalité dans les 30 jours suivant l'administration de SACT dans une unité d'oncologie médicale en Afrique subsaharienne. Méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale et descriptive menée du 1er janvier 2021 au 31 décembre 2021 au service d'oncologie médicale de l'Hôpital Général de Yaoundé sur tous les patients atteints de cancer ayant reçu SACT et décédé dans les 30 jours suivant l'administration de ce traitement ont été inclus dans cette étude. Résultats. Nous avons enregistré 1056 patients ayant reçu un traitement anticancéreux systémique, 31 sont décédés dans les 30 jours suivant l'administration, ce qui représente un taux de mortalité de 2,9%. L'âge moyen était de 53,3 ans et le ratio des sexes était de 0,35. Parmi nos patients, un cancer avancé a été trouvé chez 96,8% d'entre eux, dont 90,3% étaient traités pour des raisons palliatives. La chimiothérapie était la dernière modalité thérapeutique la plus fréquemment utilisée (83,8%). Trois causes étaient les principales causes immédiates de décès : l'insuffisance cérébrale (19,4%), le cancer combiné et la septicémie (19,4%), et la septicémie (19,4%). Conclusion. Le pourcentage de décès dans les 30 jours suivant l'administration d'un SACT dans cette étude est proche de la limite inférieure des différentes valeurs trouvées dans la littérature. L'administration de SACT en Afrique subsaharienne n'est pas agressive.

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Mortality Within 30 Days of Administration of a Systemic Anticancer Therapy in a Medical Oncology Unit of Yaounde