Clinical Features and Etiologies of Febrile Pancytopenia in Yaounde
Profil Épidémioclinique et Étiologies des Pancytopénies Fébriles à Yaoundé
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v3i2.6376Keywords:
pancytopenia, fever, etiology, Yaounde Centrale HospitalAbstract
RÉSUMÉ Introduction. La pancytopénie est la présence simultanée d’une anémie, d’une leucopénie et d’une thrombopénie à l’hémogramme. Son association à la fièvre est fréquente. Ses étiologies sont variées. Le but de notre étude était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et étiologiques de la pancytopénie fébrile dans le service de médecine interne de l’Hôpital Central de Yaoundé. Méthodologie. Étude monocentrique, rétrospective, descriptive portant sur les dossiers des patients ayant présentés une pancytopeniefebrile hospitalisés dans un service de Médecine interne entre janvier2022 et décembre2023. Nous avons analysé les caractéristiques cliniques et biologiques de ces patients et nous avons relevé les différentes étiologies des pancytopénies febriles. Résultats. Au total 67 dossiers ont été sélectionnés. Le sexe féminin dominait avec un sex ratio hommes/femmes de 0,82. La tranche d’âge la plus représentée était celle de 30 à 39 ans. Les signes cliniques étaient dominés par la pâleur (84,00%), l’asthénie (70,00%), la splénomégalie (46,99%). Le taux moyen d’hémoglobine était de 7,05 g/dL, le taux moyen de leucocytes était de 2,16 G/L et celui des plaquettes était de 63,29 G/L. Les étiologies étaient dominées par les infections (68,50%), principalement le VIH (23,88%), le paludisme (16,41%), co-infection VIH/tuberculose (11,94%). Suivies des hémopathies (16,50%). Nous n’avions pas d’étiologie dans 15%. Conclusion. La recherche étiologique des pancytopénies fébriles reste dominée par les infections et devrait faire réaliser un myélogramme au minimum. ABSTRACT Introduction. Pancytopenia is the simultaneous presence of anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia on the blood count. It is frequently associated with fever. Its etiologies are varied. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological aspects of febrile pancytopenia in the internal medicine department of Yaoundé Central Hospital. Methodology. A monocentric, retrospective, descriptive study of the records of patients with febrile pancytopenia hospitalized in an internal medicine department between January2022 and December2023. We analyzed the clinical and biological characteristics of these patients and identified the various etiologies of febrile pancytopenia. Results. A total of 67 cases were selected. Females predominated, with a male/female sex ratio of 0.82. The most common age group was 30 to 39 years. Clinical signs were dominated by pallor (84.00%), asthenia (70.00%) and splenomegaly (46.99%). Mean hemoglobin was 7.05 g/dL, mean leukocytes 2.16 G/L and mean platelets 63.29 G/L. Etiologies were dominated by infections (68.50%), mainly HIV (23.88%), malaria (16.41%), HIV/tuberculosis co-infection (11.94%). Followed by haemopathies (16.50%). We had no etiology in 15%. Conclusion. The etiological investigation of febrile pancytopenia is still dominated by infections, and a myelogram should be performed as a minimum.References
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