Atypical Bacterial Agents in Pleural Effusions in Bamako: Bacteriology and Antibiotic Resistance Profile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v1i4%20Oct-Nov-Dec.4891Keywords:
Épanchements pleuraux infectieux, Bactéries atypiques, Antibiorésistance, MaliAbstract
ABSTRACT
Background. The etiology of pleural infections differs significantly between community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases, and involves a range of bacterial pathogens, including atypical variants. In this study, we present the first report on the isolation of atypical pathogens in pleural infections in Mali, aiming to improve our understanding of their clinical implications. Methods. Pleural fluid samples were collected from patients with pleural infection. Conventional culture method for microbial identification was combined with antimicrobial susceptibility testing following EUCAST guidelines. Results. Among the 244 examined patients, atypical bacteria were found in 11 (4.5%) cases. The identified pathogens included: Burkholderia cepacia (n=1), Chromobacterium violaceum (n=1), Aeromonas veronii (n=2), Aeromonas hydrophila (n=1), Achromobacter species (n=1), Cedecea davisae (n=1), Cedecea neteri (n=1), Cedecea lapagei (n=1), Moellerella wisconsensis (n=1), Kluyvera ascorbata (n=1). The resistance rate to amoxicillin-clavulanate was 90.9%, to ciprofloxacin was 100%, and to gentamicin was 90.9%. Furthermore, 27.3% (n=3) of the isolates were carbapenemase producers. Conclusion. This study reveals that the atypical pathogens involved in pleural infections at the study center exhibit alarming resistance to empirical antibiotics. Therefore, further in-depth studies, coupled with on-the-field training on standardized diagnostic and management methods, are necessary to optimize detection, prevent therapeutic approach variability, and improve patient outcomes.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'étiologie des infections pleurales diffère entre les cas acquis en communauté et les cas acquis à l'hôpital, et implique une gamme de pathogènes bactériens, y compris des variantes atypiques. Nous présentons le premier rapport sur l'isolement de pathogènes atypiques dans les infections pleurales au Mali. Méthodes. Des échantillons de liquide pleural ont été collectés chez des patients atteints d'infection pleurale. La méthode de culture conventionnelle pour l'identification microbienne a été combinée à un test de sensibilité aux antimicrobiens selon les directives EUCAST. Résultats. Parmi les 244 patients examinés, des bactéries atypiques ont été trouvées dans 11 (4,5%) cas. Les agents pathogènes identifiés comprenaient : Burkholderia cepacia (n=1), Chromobacterium violaceum (n=1), Aeromonas veronii (n=2), Aeromonas hydrophila (n=1), Achromobacter species (n=1), Cedecea davisae (n=1), Cedecea neteri (n=1), Cedecea lapagei (n=1), Moellerella wisconsensis (n=1), Kluyvera ascorbata (n=1). Le taux de résistance à l'amoxicilline-clavulanate était de 90,9%, à la ciprofloxacine de 100% et à la gentamicine de 90,9%. En outre, 27,3% (n=3) des isolats étaient des producteurs de carbapénèmases.
Conclusion. Les pathogènes atypiques impliqués dans les infections pleurales au centre d'étude présentent une résistance alarmante aux antibiotiques empiriques. Par conséquent, des études plus approfondies, couplées à une formation sur le terrain aux méthodes de diagnostic et de prise en charge standardisées, sont nécessaires pour optimiser la détection, prévenir la variabilité de l'approche thérapeutique et améliorer les résultats des patients.
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