Iron Overload in Living Children with Major Sickle Cell Syndrome
La Surcharge en Fer chez les Enfants Vivant avec un Syndrome Drépanocytaire Majeur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i5.5584Keywords:
Drépanocytose, surcharge en fer, ferritinémieAbstract
RESUME
Introduction. L’anémie microcytaire hypochrome se retrouve dans les syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs. Ces pathologies sont caractérisées par une hémolyse aigue et chronique à l’origine d’une augmentation des réserves en fer avec parfois une défaillance multi-viscérale. Le but de notre étude était de rechercher la surcharge en fer chez les enfants vivants avec un syndrome drépanocytaire majeur. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude de cohorte prospective sur une période de 10 mois allant de décembre 2021 à septembre 2022 portant sur tous les enfants âgés de 3 à 16 ans porteurs d’un syndrome drépanocytaire majeur prouvé pas une électrophorèse au Centre mère et enfant de la fondation Chantal Biya (CME-FCB). Résultats. Nous avons retenus 48 enfants drépanocytaires et 71 enfants non drépanocytaires avec une moyenne d’âge de 8,26 et un sex ratio de 1,09. La tranche d’âge de 5 - 10 ans était la plus représentée dans les deux populations soit 43,75% chez les drépanocytaires et 41,67% chez les non drépanocytaires. L’incidence de la surcharge en fer chez les enfants vivant avec un syndrome drépanocytaire majeur était de 41,67% et de 2,08% chez les non-drépanocytaires. Les enfants drépanocytaires avaient 4,3 (2,4 - 7,6) fois plus de risque d’avoir une ferritinémie élevée que ceux non-drépanocytaires. La ferritinémie variait entre 45 ,24 µg/l et 940,83 µg/l avec une moyenne de 341,85 µg/l chez les drépanocytaires. Les drépanocytaires les plus âgés avaient un risque plus élevé d’avoir une ferritinémie élevé. Conclusion. La surcharge en fer augmente avec l’âge chez les enfants drépanocytaires. Le dosage de la ferritinémie doit être recommandé dans le bilan des enfants atteints drépanocytaires majeurs.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Microcytic hypochromic anemia is found in major sickle cell syndromes. These pathologies are characterized by acute and chronic hemolysis leading to an increase in iron reserves with sometimes multi-visceral failure. The aim of our study was to investigate iron overload in children living with a major sickle cell syndrome. Methodology. We conducted a prospective cohort study over a period of 10 months from December 2021 to September 2022 involving all children aged 3 to 16 years with proven major sickle cell syndrome by electrophoresis at the Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation (CME-FCB). Results. We included 48 sickle cell children and 71 non-sickle cell children with a mean age of 8.26 and a sex ratio of 1.09. The age group of 5-10 years was the most represented in both populations, with 43.75% in sickle cell children and 41.67% in non-sickle cell children. The incidence of iron overload in children living with a major sickle cell syndrome was 41.67% and 2.08% in non-sickle cell children. Sickle cell children had 4.3 (2.4 - 7.6) times more risk of having high ferritin levels than non-sickle cell children. Ferritin levels ranged from 45,24 µg/l to 940,83 µg/l with an average of 341.85 µg/l in sickle cell children. Older sickle cell children had a higher risk of having high ferritin levels. Conclusion. Iron overload increases with age in sickle cell children. Ferritin level measurement should be recommended in the assessment of children with major sickle cell syndrome.
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