Exposition Materno-Fœtale de la Rage Humaine d’un Nouveau –Né à Terme : À Propos d’un Cas
Maternal-Fœtal Exposure to Human Rabies of a Newborn at Term at Maroua Regional Hospital, Cameroon
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v3i2.6434Mots-clés :
Rage maternelle, Exposition, Nouveau-né, CamerouRésumé
RÉSUMÉ La rage est une zoonose virale des vertébrés à sang chaud, responsable d’une encéphalomyélite mortelle, transmise accidentellement à l’homme par la salive ou griffure par un animal infecté. Nous rapportons le cas d’un nouveau-né, né au terme de 37 semaines d’aménorrhée dont la mère âgée de 26 ans, avait été mordue à l’avant-bras droit un mois avant l’accouchement par un chien errant. Elle n’avait reçu aucune prophylaxie antirabique. Elle a été admise dans un tableau d’agitation, d’hydrophobie et d’aérophobie. Une césarienne d’urgence réalisée sous anesthésie générale avait permis l’extraction d’un nouveau-né vivant de sexe masculin avec une bonne adaptation à la vie extra utérine. La mère était décédée en post partum immédiat. Le nouveau-né avait bénéficié d’une prophylaxie post-exposition avec un vaccin antirabique. A un an de vie, il ne présente pas de signes compatibles avec la rage humaine. La transmission materno-fœtale de la rage est rare et son mécanisme physiopathologique incomplètement élucidé. Le cas présenté illustre la nécessité pour le personnel de santé de rester vigilant en cas de morsure par un animal. ABSTRACT Rabies is a viral zoonosis of warm-blooded vertebrates, responsible for fatal encephalomyelitis, accidentally transmitted to humans through saliva or scratches by an infected animal. We report the case of a newborn at 37 weeks of amenorrhea whose 26- year -old mother had been bitten on the right forearm one month before delivery by a stray dog, and had not received any post-exposure rabies prophylaxis. She was admitted with agitation, hydrophobia and aerophobia. An emergency caesarean section performed under general anesthesia had resulted in the extraction of a live male newborn with good extra-uterine adaptation. The mother died immediately after delivery, and the newborn received post-exposure prophylaxis with rabies vaccine. At one year of age, he showed no signs compatible with human rabies. Maternal-fetal transmission of rabies is rare, and its pathophysiological mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This case illustrates the need for healthcare staff to remain vigilant in the event of an animal bite.Références
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© Soureya Haman, Ache Isseini, Abouame Palma Haoua, Basilice Mireille Minka Obama, Ourtching Clovis, Taguebue Jean, Enyama Dominique, Nguefack Félicitée, David Chelo, Ndombo Paul 2025
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