Étude Épidémioclinique de la Rougeole au CHU Gabriel Touré de Bamako
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v1i2%20Apr-May-Jun.4707Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Objectif. Décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des cas de rougeole hospitalisés au département de pédiatrie du CHU Gabriel Touré en 2018 et 2019. Méthodes. Étude transversale rétrospective et prospective menée du 1 Janvier 2018 au 31 Novembre 2019 au département de pédiatrie du CHU Gabriel Touré. Tous les enfants âgés de 1 mois à 15 ans hospitalisés et pris en charge pour rougeole compliquée ont été inclus. Résultats. La fréquence hospitalière était de 0,3 %. Le sex-ratio garçon/fille était de 1,2. La tranche d’âge de 9 à 59 mois représentait 62,8 % des cas. Les patients provenaient de Bamako dans 66,6% des cas dont 27,4% du district sanitaire de la Commune V, vivaient dans une zone urbaine (90%) et étaient presque toujours vus au cours de la garde (96%). La détresse respiratoire (27,5%) et l’éruption cutanée (23, 4%) étaient les motifs de consultation les plus fréquents. Les patients avaient consulté dans un délai de 6 à 10 jours dans 45,2% des cas. Les patients n’étaient pas vaccinés contre la rougeole dans 67% des cas et l’ignorance était la cause la plus fréquente de non vaccination (47%). Les patients étaient contaminés par le voisinage dans 39% des cas. L’éruption cutanée généralisée (96%), la pâleur (86,3%) et la conjonctivite (70,6%) étaient les principales manifestations cliniques. La pneumonie était la complication la plus fréquente (80,3%). Le taux de décès était de 8%. La déshydratation était la cause la plus fréquente du décès (50%). Conclusion. La rougeole existe encore au Mali et est une cause non négligeable de mortalité. L’atteinte de l’objectif de 95% de couverture vaccinale de l’OMS reste le défi à relever.
ABSTRACT
Objectives. To describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of measles in the Department of Pediatrics at Gabriel Touré university teaching hospital. Methods. This was retro prospective study conducted from January 1, 2018 to November 31, 2019 at the Department of Pediatrics of Gabriel Touré teaching hospital. All children aged between 1 month and 15 years hospitalized and managed for complicated measles had been included. Results: Hospitalization rate was 0.3%. The sex ratio was 1.2% in favor of males. The age range 9-59 months represented 62.8%. Patients came from Bamako in 66.6% of cases, including 27.4% from the CV health district, lived in an urban area (90%) and were seen during the on-call period in 96% of cases. Respiratory distress (27.5%) and rash (23.4%) were the most frequent reasons for consultation. Patients were seen within 6 to 10 days in 45.2% of cases. 67% of patients had not been vaccinated against measles, and ignorance was the most frequent reason for non-vaccination (47%). Patients were contaminated by their neighbors in 39% of cases. Generalized rash (96%), pallor (86.3%) and conjunctivitis (70.6%) were the main clinical manifestations. Pneumonia was the most frequent complication (80.3%). The death rate was 8%. Dehydration was the most frequent cause of death, accounting for 50% of cases. Conclusion: There are still a few measles outbreaks in our countries. Achieving the WHO target of 95% immunization coverage remains a challenge.
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