Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical, Biological and Imaging Aspects in Yaounde (Cameroon)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v1i2%20Apr-May-Jun.4720Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Sub-Saharan Africa is a high-risk area for hepatocellular carcinoma, mainly because of hepatitis B and C virus infections. Patients are younger than in other regions of the World. Data on hepatocellular carcinoma in Cameroon mostly concern epidemiology. The aim of this study was to describe clinical, biological and morphological aspects of HCC in a group of patients in Cameroon. Methods. It was a cross-sectional study. Clinical records of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma between January 1st, 2013 and April 30th, 2016 were reviewed using R® software for Windows version 4.2.1. Patients were divided into two groups for analysis: HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma vs hepatocellular carcinoma from other causes. Results. We obtained medical records for 55 patients. The median age (25th-75th percentiles) was 58.0 years (IQR 38.5-65.5). Hepatitis B and C were the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.0001) between the median age of those having HBV-related hepatocellular and other patients, 39.0 (IQR 35.0-43.0) and 63.0 (IQR 54.0-73.0) respectively. Abdominal pain (> 70 %), weight loss (> 40%) and abdominal mass (27 %) were the most common clinical manifestations. There was a predominance of multinodular form of hepatocellular carcinoma in both groups, with the largest tumour size of > 60 mm. Conclusion. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients presented late with an extremely low possibility to undergo curative treatment. This highlights the importance of primary prevention by HBV immunization and early diagnosis and management of viral hepatitis.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les données sur le CHC au Cameroun concernent surtout l'épidémiologie. Nous voulions décrire les aspects cliniques, biologiques et morphologiques du CHC chez un groupe de patients. Méthodologie. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale. Les dossiers cliniques de 55 patients diagnostiqués avec un carcinome hépatocellulaire entre le 1er janvier 2013 et le 30 avril 2016 au CHU de Yaoundé ont été analysés à l'aide du logiciel R® pour Windows version 4.2.1. Les patients ont été divisés en deux groupes : ceux ayant un carcinome hépatocellulaire lié au VHB vs ceux avec d'autres causes de CHC. Résultats. L'âge médian (25e-75e percentiles) était de 58,0 ans (IQR 38,5-65,5). Les hépatites B et C étaient les principales étiologies. Il y avait une différence statistique (p < 0,0001) entre l'âge médian de ceux ayant un CHC secondaire au VHB et d'autres patients, 39,0 (IQR 35,0-43,0) et 63,0 (IQR 54,0-73,0) respectivement. La douleur abdominale (> 70 %), la perte de poids (> 40 %) et une masse abdominale (27 %) étaient les manifestations cliniques les plus fréquentes. La forme multinodulaire du carcinome hépatocellulaire prédominait dans les deux groupes, avec la plus volumineuse tumeur mesurant plus de 60 mm. Conclusion. En définitive, les patients atteints de CHC se sont présentés tardivement avec une possibilité extrêmement faible d’avoir un traitement curatif. Cela souligne l'importance de la prévention primaire par la vaccination contre le VHB et le diagnostic et la prise en charge précoces des hépatites virales.
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