Regional Variations of Obstetric Fistula Risk Factors in Cameroon
Facteurs de risque de fistule obstétricale au Cameroun selon la zone
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v1i4%20Oct-Nov-Dec.4911Keywords:
obstetric fistula, risk factors, CameroonAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les facteurs de risque de la fistule obstétricale au Cameroun ont été étudiés sans établir le lien entre ces derniers et la zone d’origine des patientes. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude transversale analytique rétrospective dans 3 centres allant de Janvier 2008 à Décembre 2016. Les variables étudiées étaient : l’âge, la taille des patientes, le poids des patientes, l’indice de la masse corporelle des patientes, le statut marital, la parité, le niveau d’étude, la profession, la source de revenu, la présence d’une mutilation génitale féminine et /ou d’autres comorbidités, le poids du bébé ; les caractéristiques liées à la communauté : l’ethnie, la région d’origine, la religion, le lieu de l’accouchement, le temps mis entre le début du travail et l’arrivée dans un centre de santé ; et les caractéristiques liées au système de soins, la durée du travail, la durée du sondage urinaire pendant et /ou après le travail, la voie de l’accouchement, les compétences de l’accoucheur. Résultats. Nous avons retenu 285 dossiers. L’âge des patientes variait de 14 à 68 ans, avec une médiane de 29 ans, avec 67% de ménagères. L’analphabétisme multipliait le risque de FO dans le septentrion par 7.5, alors que 47% avaient un retard à la consultation > 6 heures dont 73% dans le septentrion et 26% dans les autres régions. Les consultations prénatales ont été faites par 79,3% des participantes et 37,1% ont eu un travail > 48h. Conclusion. Les facteurs de risque des fistules obstétricales sont individuels, communautaires et liés au système de soins.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Several studies on the risk factors for obstetric fistula in Cameroon have already been carried out, but none of them established a link between the risk factors and the patients’ area of origin. Materials and Methods. We carried out a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study in 3 fistula centers in Cameroon from January 2008 to December 2016. The variables studied were age, marital status, first delivery, high risk pregnancy, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), parity, level of education, profession, source of income, female genital mutilation/other comorbidities, birth weight. The characteristics with respect to the community are, tribe, region of origin, place of delivery, time of onset of labor and arrival at the health facility. The health system variables were, number of antenatal consultations, duration of labor, duration transurethral catheterization during and after labor, type of delivery, skills of the birth attendant. Results. A total of 285 cases were included. The median age was 29 years (23; 37). The age range was between 14 to 68 years. About 17% of women were single and 67% were housewives. Illiteracy multiplied the risk of obstetric fistula by 7.5 in the northern region, while 47% were more than 6 hours late for consultation, 73% in the northern region and 26% in the other regions. Prenatal consultations were carried out by 79.3% of participants and 37.1% went into labour > 48 hours. Conclusion. The risk factors for obstetric fistula are individual, community and linked to the health care system.
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