Permanent Neonatal Diabetes with KCNJ11 Mutation: A Case Report
Diabète Néonatal Permanent et Mutation KCNJ11 : À Propos d’un Cas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i12.6249Keywords:
Neonatal, Diabetes, Permanent, Gene KCNJ11, CongoAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Le diabète néonatal (DN) est une maladie génétique rare caractérisée par une hyperglycémie nécessitant une insulinothérapie et apparaissant le plus souvent dans les 6 premiers mois et rarement entre 6 et 12 mois. Dans son évolution, le diabète néonatal peut être transitoire (DNT) ou permanent (DNP), ou encore une composante d'une association d’anomalies génétiques. Les causes génétiques les plus fréquentes sont les anomalies de la région chromosomique 6q24 et des mutations des genes ABCC8, INS ou KCNJ11, codant la production de l’insuline par les cellules beta et le fonctionnement du canal potassique (K-ATP) de la cellule beta du pancréas. Nous rapportons un premier cas au Congo d’un nourrisson de sexe masculin âgé de 2 mois, au moment du diagnostic, sans antécédents particuliers, admis pour altération de l’état général, déshydratation sévère, hyperglycémie majeure et cétose. Le patient était initialement traité par insuline avant le test génétique. Le test de génétique moléculaire, réalisé par l’Université d’Exeter (Royaume uni) consistait en la recherche des gènes (ABCC8, INS et KCNJ11) révélant une mutation du gène KCNJ11, variante pathogénique de la sous-unité Kir 6.2, confirmant un diabète néonatal permanent, nécessitant un traitement par glibenclamide entrainant un bon équilibre du diabète.
ABSTRACT
Neonatal diabetes (ND) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia requiring insulin therapy, most often appearing in the first 6 months of life and rarely between 6 and 12 months. The course of neonatal diabetes may be transient (T1DM) or permanent (T1DM), or a component of a combination of genetic abnormalities. The most common genetic causes are abnormalities in the 6q24 chromosomal region and mutations in the ABCC8, INS or KCNJ11 genes, which code for insulin production by beta cells and the functioning of the potassium channel (K-ATP) in the beta cell of the pancreas. We report the first case in the Congo of a 2-month-old male infant, with no previous history of the disease, admitted for general deterioration, severe dehydration, major hyperglycaemia and ketosis. The patient was initially treated with insulin prior to genetic testing. The molecular genetic test, carried out by the University of Exeter (United Kingdom), consisted of a search for genes (ABCC8, INS and KCNJ11) revealing a mutation in the KCNJ11 gene, a pathogenic variant of the Kir 6.2 subunit, confirming permanent neonatal diabetes, requiring treatment with glibenclamide to achieve good control of the diabètes.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Charley Loumade Elenga-Bongo, Graham Ogle, Aladin Atandi Batchy, Raissa Laure Mayanda, Steve Vassili Missambou Mandilou, Chancelvie Yidika Moussavou, Aimé Bandoho-Mombo, Luc Magloire Anicet Boumba, Evariste Bouenizabila, Freddy Saturnin PoukiI, Jacko Rhedoor Abodo
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