Medicinal Plants of Aromatic Potential from Burkina Faso: a Review
Revue des Plantes Médicinales à Potentiel Aromatique du Burkina Faso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i8.5940Keywords:
medicinal plants, essential, oil, aromatic plants, Burkina FasoAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Au Burkina Faso la production et l’utilisation des huiles essentielles ne sont pas encore bien développées. En 2002 on dénombrait environ 90 espèces aromatiques, et seulement 30 étudiées. Une étude approfondie et une exploitation des huiles essentielles provenant de plantes médicinales pourraient valoriser la médecine traditionnelle. L’objectif de cette revue était donc d’identifier et de répertorier les plantes médicinales à potentiel aromatique du Burkina Faso. Méthodologie. Une revue bibliographique et des moteurs de recherche à base de données scientifiques ont servi de méthodologie. Résultats. Dans cette étude, 84 plantes médicinales à potentiel aromatique ont été répertoriées. Ces plantes étaient issues de 44 familles dont celle des Césalpiniaceae la plus représentée. Les feuilles étaient les parties les plus utilisées pour l’extraction des huiles essentielles. Les composés actifs tels que les caryophyllènes, pinènes, phytols, linalols, acide hexadécanoïque, cinéole et phellandrène étaient les plus dominants. Les propriétés biologiques associées étaient anti-inflammatoire, antibactérienne, antioxydante et antimicrobienne. Conclusion. Cette revue indique le potentiel qu’ont certaines plantes médicinales du Burkina Faso pour l’exploitation de leurs huiles essentielles. Ainsi, les 85 plantes aromatiques répertoriées par cette étude pourrait être utilisée pour initier une investigation en produits cosmétologiques naturels, biologiques ou en pétrochimie.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Burkina Faso, the production and use of essential oils are not yet well developed. In 2002, there were approximately 90 aromatic species, with only 30 studied. A thorough study and exploitation of essential oils from medicinal plants could enhance traditional medicine. The objective of this review was therefore to identify and list medicinal plants with aromatic potential in Burkina Faso. Methodology. A literature review and search engines based on scientific databases were used as methodology. Results. In this study, 84 medicinal plants with aromatic potential were listed. These plants came from 44 families, with the Césalpiniaceae family being the most represented. Leaves were the most commonly used parts for essential oil extraction. Active compounds such as caryophyllenes, pinenes, phytols, linalols, hexadecanoic acid, cineole, and phellandrene were the most dominant. The associated biological properties were anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antimicrobial. Conclusion. This review indicates the potential of certain medicinal plants in Burkina Faso for the exploitation of their essential oils. Thus, the 85 aromatic plants listed in this study could be used to initiate an investigation into natural, organic, or petrochemical cosmetic products.
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