Profil Épidémiologique et Clinique de la Maladie Rénale Chronique chez les Diabétiques de Type 2 au Cameroun
Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Cameroon
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i10.6084Mots-clés :
Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, PrevalenceRésumé
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Despite chronic kidney disease (CKD) being a major problem in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), only a few studies have addressed CKD among patients with T2DM in Cameroon. The aim of our study is to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted over a period of three months from February to April 2022 on all type 2 diabetic patients at the Buea Regional Hospital and Laquintinie Hospital Douala. edical records were checked for the patients to assess for serum creatinine. CKD was staged according to the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Framework (KDIGO) guideline. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results. A total of 391 type 2 diabetic patients were screened for CKD. The mean age was 59.62 years, for a sex ratio of 0,49. The overall prevalence of CKD was 27.9 %. Based on KDIGO classification. 76% of CKD patients were between stages 3-5. Among our patients, 76% had renal impairment (eGFR< 60ml/min/1.73m2) and 77% (84) had albuminuria. On multivariate analysis, albuminuria (aOR: 0.09, CI (0.05-0.16), p<0.01) was a risk factor for CKD. Conclusion. The prevalence of CKD in T2DM patients was high due to the fact that ¾ of our patients had albuminuria which was a risk factor for CKD. This result highlights the need of regular screening for kidney disease among diabetic patients to prevent progression to CKD.
RESUME
Introduction. Bien que l'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) soit un problème majeur dans le diabète sucré de type 2 (DT2), seules quelques études se sont intéressées à l'IRC chez les patients atteints de DT2 au Cameroun. Le but de notre étude est de déterminer le profil clinique et épidémiologique de l'insuffisance rénale chronique chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2. Méthodologie. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale en milieu hospitalier menée sur une période de trois mois, de février à avril 2022, sur tous les patients diabétiques de type 2 à l'hôpital régional de Buea et à l'hôpital Laquintinie de Douala. Le stade de la maladie rénale a été déterminé selon la directive KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Framework) de 2012. La signification statistique a été fixée à p<0,05. Résultats. Au total, 391 patients diabétiques de type 2 ont fait l'objet d'un dépistage de l'IRC. L'âge moyen était de 59,62 ans, pour un sex-ratio de 0,49. La prévalence globale de l'IRC était de 27,9 %. Sur la base de la classification KDIGO. 76 % des patients atteints d'IRC se situaient entre les stades 3 et 5. Parmi nos patients, 76% présentaient une insuffisance rénale (DFGe< 60ml/min/1.73m2) et 77% (84) une albuminurie. En analyse multivariée, l'albuminurie (aOR : 0.09, CI (0.05-0.16), p<0.01) était un facteur de risque de l'IRC. Conclusion. La prévalence de l'IRC chez les patients DT2 était élevée car ¾ de nos patients présentaient une albuminurie qui était un facteur de risque d'IRC. Ce résultat souligne la nécessité d'un dépistage régulier des maladies rénales chez les patients diabétiques afin de prévenir l'évolution vers l'IRC.
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(c) Tous droits réservés Teuwafeu Denis Georges, Mbeleg Madeleine Dorcas Ornella, Ronald Gobina Mbua, Mafouk Fopa Dianna Fontania, Tsague syntiche, Balepna Jean Yves, Ivan Nkeng, Folong Kamta, Halle Marie-Patrice 2024
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