Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Cameroon
Profil Épidémiologique et Clinique de la Maladie Rénale Chronique chez les Diabétiques de Type 2 au Cameroun
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i10.6084Keywords:
Maladie rénale chronique, diabète sucré, prévalenceAbstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Despite chronic kidney disease (CKD) being a major problem in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), only a few studies have addressed CKD among patients with T2DM in Cameroon. The aim of our study is to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted over a period of three months from February to April 2022 on all type 2 diabetic patients at the Buea Regional Hospital and Laquintinie Hospital Douala. edical records were checked for the patients to assess for serum creatinine. CKD was staged according to the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Framework (KDIGO) guideline. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results. A total of 391 type 2 diabetic patients were screened for CKD. The mean age was 59.62 years, for a sex ratio of 0,49. The overall prevalence of CKD was 27.9 %. Based on KDIGO classification. 76% of CKD patients were between stages 3-5. Among our patients, 76% had renal impairment (eGFR< 60ml/min/1.73m2) and 77% (84) had albuminuria. On multivariate analysis, albuminuria (aOR: 0.09, CI (0.05-0.16), p<0.01) was a risk factor for CKD. Conclusion. The prevalence of CKD in T2DM patients was high due to the fact that ¾ of our patients had albuminuria which was a risk factor for CKD. This result highlights the need of regular screening for kidney disease among diabetic patients to prevent progression to CKD.
RESUME
Introduction. Bien que l'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) soit un problème majeur dans le diabète sucré de type 2 (DT2), seules quelques études se sont intéressées à l'IRC chez les patients atteints de DT2 au Cameroun. Le but de notre étude est de déterminer le profil clinique et épidémiologique de l'insuffisance rénale chronique chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2. Méthodologie. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale en milieu hospitalier menée sur une période de trois mois, de février à avril 2022, sur tous les patients diabétiques de type 2 à l'hôpital régional de Buea et à l'hôpital Laquintinie de Douala. Le stade de la maladie rénale a été déterminé selon la directive KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Framework) de 2012. La signification statistique a été fixée à p<0,05. Résultats. Au total, 391 patients diabétiques de type 2 ont fait l'objet d'un dépistage de l'IRC. L'âge moyen était de 59,62 ans, pour un sex-ratio de 0,49. La prévalence globale de l'IRC était de 27,9 %. Sur la base de la classification KDIGO. 76 % des patients atteints d'IRC se situaient entre les stades 3 et 5. Parmi nos patients, 76% présentaient une insuffisance rénale (DFGe< 60ml/min/1.73m2) et 77% (84) une albuminurie. En analyse multivariée, l'albuminurie (aOR : 0.09, CI (0.05-0.16), p<0.01) était un facteur de risque de l'IRC. Conclusion. La prévalence de l'IRC chez les patients DT2 était élevée car ¾ de nos patients présentaient une albuminurie qui était un facteur de risque d'IRC. Ce résultat souligne la nécessité d'un dépistage régulier des maladies rénales chez les patients diabétiques afin de prévenir l'évolution vers l'IRC.
References
Nazzal Z, Hamdan Z, Masri D, Abu-Kaf O, Hamad M. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among Palestinian type 2 diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol. 2020; 21(1):484.
Janmohamed MN, Kalluvya SE, Mueller A, Kabangila R, Smart LR, Downs JA, Peck RN. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in diabetic adult out-patients in Tanzania. BMC Nephrol. 2013; 14(1):183.
Feteh VF, Choukem SP, Kengne AP, Nebongo DN, Ngowe-Ngowe M. Anemia in type 2 diabetic patients and correlation with kidney function in a tertiary care sub-Saharan African hospital: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol. 2016; 17(1):29.
Halle MP, Takongue C, Kengne AP, Kaze FF, Ngu KB. Epidemiological profile of patients with end stage renal disease in a referral hospital in Cameroon. BMC Nephrol. 2015; 16(1):59.
Debele GR, Hajure M, Wolde HF, Yenit MK. Incidence and Predictors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study at a Tertiary Health-Care Setting of Ethiopia. DMSO. 2021; 14:4381–90.
Hamer RA, El Nahas AM. The burden of chronic kidney disease. BMJ. 2006; 332(7541):563–4.
Murton M, Goff-Leggett D, Bobrowska A, Garcia Sanchez JJ, James G, Wittbrodt E, Nolan S, Sörstadius E, Pecoits-Filho R, Tuttle K. Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease by KDIGO Categories of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria: A Systematic Review. Adv Ther. 2021; 38(1):180–200.
Geletu AH, Teferra AS, Sisay MM, Teshome DF. Incidence and predictors of chronic kidney diseases among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at St. Paul’s Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2018; 11(1):532.
Aseneh JB, Kemah BLA, Mabouna S, Njang ME, Ekane DSM, Agbor VN. Chronic kidney disease in Cameroon: a scoping review. BMC Nephrol. 2020; 21(1):409.
Deng Y, Li N, Wu Y, Wang M, Yang S, Zheng Y, Deng X, Xiang D, Zhu Y, Xu P, Zhai Z, Zhang D, Dai Z, Gao J. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Diabetes-Related Chronic Kidney Disease From 1990 to 2019. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2021;12:809.
Rotchford AP, Rotchford KM. Diabetes in rural South Africa--an assessment of care and complications. S Afr Med J. 2002; 92(7):536–41.
Seck SM, Doupa D, Ahou S, Gueye S, Engerran M, Gueye L. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Senegalese Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saint-Louis. Open Journal of Nephrology. 2020 22;10(1):23–33.
Noubiap JJN, Naidoo J, Kengne AP. Diabetic nephropathy in Africa: A systematic review. 6(5):16.
Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease and Special Populations. National Kidney Foundation. 2015.
Rodriguez-Poncelas A, Garre-Olmo J, Franch-Nadal J, Diez-Espino J, Mundet-Tuduri X. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain: PERCEDIME2 study. 2013; 8.
Mbanya JC, Aschner P, Gagliardino JJ, İlkova H, Lavalle F, Ramachandran A, Chantelot JM, Chan JCN. Screening, prevalence, treatment and control of kidney disease in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in low-to-middle-income countries (2005–2017): the International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS). Diabetologia.2021; 64(6):1246–55.
Mbarawa Marat KI, Marcelin G, Marcel T. Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and dyslipidaemia in diabetic patients in Buea, South-West of Cameroon. JMPR. 2019; 3.3
van der Meer V, Wielders HPM, Grootendorst DC, de Kanter JS, Sijpkens YW, Assendelft WJ, Gussekloo J, Dekker FW, Groeneveld Y. Chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 or hypertension in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 2010 Dec 1; 60(581):884–90.
Rajput R, Kumar KMP, Seshadri K, Agarwal P, Talwalkar P, Kotak B, Raza A, Vasnawala H, Kumar A. Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: START-India Study. J Diabetes Metab. 2017; 08(02).
Ibrahim MMK, Acha AE, Shey ND, Jelil NA, Clement ANJ. Prevalence and Biomarkers of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Patients on Treatment in Buea and Ngaoundere, Cameroon. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2020; 8(5):84.
Al-Salman RA, Al-Basri HA, Al-Sayyad AS, Hearnshaw HM. Prevalence and risk factors of albuminuria in Type 2 diabetes in Bahrain. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009; 32(9):746–51.
Penno G, Solini A, Bonora E, Fondelli C, Orsi E, Zerbini G, Trevisan R, Vedovato M, Gruden G, Cavalot F, Cignarelli M, Laviola L, Morano S, Nicolucci A, Pugliese G. Clinical significance of nonalbuminuric renal impairment in type 2 diabetes. Journal of Hypertension. 2011; 29(9):1802–9.
Alicic RZ, Rooney MT, Tuttle KR. Diabetic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 12(12):2032–45.
van der Meer V, Wielders HPM, Grootendorst DC, de Kanter JS, Sijpkens YW, Assendelft WJ, Gussekloo J, Dekker FW, Groeneveld Y. Chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 or hypertension in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 2010 Dec 1; 60(581):884–90.
Charles F, Alexandra K, Konstantinos I, Pavlos D, Manolis K, Kiriakos D. Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Current Vascular Pharmacology. 2020; 18(2):117–24.
McFarlane P, Gilbert RE, MacCallum L, Senior P. Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes. 2013; 37:S129–36.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Teuwafeu Denis Georges, Mbeleg Madeleine Dorcas Ornella, Ronald Gobina Mbua, Mafouk Fopa Dianna Fontania, Tsague syntiche, Balepna Jean Yves, Ivan Nkeng, Folong Kamta, Halle Marie-Patrice
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work