Main Article Content
Abstract
Background. Uterine cavity abnormalities are seen as a cause of infertility in around 10%-15% of women. In women with recurrent implantation failure abnormalities are found in up to 50% of the women, highlighting the crucial role of diagnostic hysteroscopy in the assessment of infertility. Objective. To describe endocavitary lesions of patients undergoing hysteroscopy at CHRACERH. Patients and Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional, retrospective study, over 2 years, from the 1st January 2016 to the 31st December 2017, with retrospective data collection in 110 women undergoing hysteroscopy for several indications. Hysteroscopy was performed in operation theatre by using a Bettocchi hysteroscope, which is a continuous flow panoramic rigid hysteroscope, 26 cm in length, 5 mm of outer diameter sheath and 0° fibroptic lens (Karl Storz Endoscopy, Utrecht, Netherlands). The distension of uterine cavity was achieved with normal saline. All procedures were done under rachianaesthesia. Statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS 20 software. Results. The mean age was 39.3 ± 7.8 years, 20% of the studied population was obese and the mean BMI was 28.7 ± 4.1. Sexual transmitted infections (STI) was the major medical problem in these patients (17.3%) while myomectomy was the main surgical intervention practiced (23.7%). 35.5% of the studied population had a history of curettage. All the patients were infertile, and dysmenorrhea 10%, menorrhagia 7.3% and amenorrhea 6.4% were the mains clinical symptoms. The mains indications of hysteroscopy were sonographic suspicion of polyps (57.3%), myomas (40%) and intrauterine adhesions (21.8%). Hysteroscopic findings were polyps (52.7%), myomas (31.8), synechiae (21.8%), endometrial hyperplasia (7.3%), and uterine septum (2.7%). The total complication rate was 3.6%. The leading complication was intrauterine adhesions (1.8%), followed by infections (0.9%) and bleeding (0.9%). Conclusion. Hysteroscopy occupies a prominent place in the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology. The Hysteroscopic finding in our study related to infertility condition and the low complication rate showed the safeness of the procedure.
RÉSUMÉ
Contexte. Les anomalies de la cavité utérine sont considérées comme une cause d'infertilité chez environ 10% à 15% des femmes infertiles. Et chez 50% des femmes avec échec d’implantation récurent, sont mises en évidence des anomalies hystéroscopiques, soulignant son rôle crucial dans l’évaluation de l’infertilité. Objectif. Décrire les lésions endocavitaires des patientes ayant subi une hystéroscopie au CHRACERH. Patientes et méthodes. Nous avons mené une étude transversale rétrospective, sur deux ans, du 1er janvier 2016 au 31 décembre 2017, avec collecte de données rétrospective chez 110 femmes soumises une hystéroscopie pour plusieurs indications. L'hystéroscopie était réalisée au bloc opératoire grâce à l’hystéroscope de Bettocchi, (hystéroscope rigide panoramique à flux continu de 26 cm de long, 5 mm de diamètre de gaine externe et 0 ° de lentille ; Karl Storz Endoscopy, Utrecht, Pays-Bas). La distension de la cavité utérine était faite avec une solution saline normale. Toutes les procédures ont été réalisées sous rachianesthésie. L'analyse statistique a été réalisée à l'aide du logiciel SPSS 20. Résultats. L'âge moyen était de 39,3 ± 7,8 ans, 20% de la population étudiée était obèse et l'IMC moyen était de 28,7 ± 4,1. Les infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) constituaient le problème médical majeur chez ces patients (17,3%) alors que la principale intervention chirurgicale pratiquée était la myomectomie (23,7%). 35,5% de la population étudiée avait des antécédents de curetage. Tous les patients étaient infertiles et la dysménorrhée 10%, la ménorragie 7,3% et l'aménorrhée 6,4% étaient les principaux symptômes cliniques. Les principales indications de l'hystéroscopie étaient la suspicion échographique des polypes (57,3%), des myomes (40%) et des adhérences intra-utérines (21,8%). Les trouvailles hystéroscopiques étaient les polypes (52,7%), les myomes (31,8), les synéchies (21,8%), l'hyperplasie de l'endomètre (7,3%) et les septums utérins (2,7%). Le taux de complications total était de 3,6%. Les principales complications étaient les adhérences intra-utérines (1,8%), suivies des infections (0,9%) et des saignements (0,9%). Conclusion. L'hystéroscopie occupe une place prépondérante dans le diagnostic de la pathologie intra-utérine. Les lésions hystéroscopiques dans notre étude étaient liées l’infertilité et le faible taux de complications rehausse la sécurité de la procédure.
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References
- Pundir J, El Toukhy T. Uterine cavity assessment prior to IVF. Womens Health. 2010;6(6):841–8.
- Pundir J, Pundir V, Omanwa K, Khalaf Y, El-Toukhy T. Hysteroscopy prior to the first IVF cycle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014 Feb 1;28(2):151–61.
- Di Spiezio Sardo A, Di Carlo C, Minozzi S, Spinelli M, Pistotti V, Alviggi C, et al. Efficacy of hysteroscopy in improving reproductive outcomes of infertile couples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2016 Jun 1;22(4):479–96.
- Molinas CR, Campo R. Office hysteroscopy and adenomyosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;20(4):557–67.
- Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Brucker S, De Angelis C, Gergolet M, et al. The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies,. Hum Reprod. 2013 Aug 1;28(8):2032–44.
- Amanvermez R, Tosun M. An Update on Ovarian Aging and Ovarian Reserve Tests. Int J Fertil Steril. 2016;9(4):411–5.
- Refaat B, Dalton E, Ledger WL. Ectopic pregnancy secondary to in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer: pathogenic mechanisms and management strategies. Reprod Biol Endocrinol RBE. 2015 Apr 12
- Steiner AZ, Pritchard D, Stanczyk FZ, Kesner JS, Meadows JW, Herring AH, et al. Association Between Biomarkers of Ovarian Reserve and Infertility Among Older Women of Reproductive Age. JAMA. 2017 Oct 10;318(14):1367–76.
- Dağ ZÖ, Dilbaz B. Impact of obesity on infertility in women. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015 Jun 1;16(2):111–7.
- Ahmadi MH, Mirsalehian A, Bahador A. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis with infertility and clinical manifestations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Infect Dis Lond Engl. 2016 Jul;48(7):517–23.
- Bolnick A, Bolnick J, Diamond MP. Postoperative adhesions as a consequence of pelvic surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2015 Jun;22(4):549–63.
- Conforti A, Alviggi C, Mollo A, De Placido G, Magos A. The management of Asherman syndrome: a review of literature. Reprod Biol Endocrinol RBE. 2013 Dec 27;11:118.
- Kayatas S, Meseci E, Tosun OA, Arinkan SA, Uygur L, Api M. Experience of hysteroscopy indications and complications in 5,474 cases. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2014;41(4):451–4.
- Pato-Mosquera M, Vázquez-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Adán M, García-García MJ, Blanco-Pérez S. [Diagnostic hysteroscopy indications and results in Complexo Hospitalario Universitario De Ourense]. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2013 Jul;81(7):382–8.
- Daniilidis A, Pantelis A, Dinas K, Tantanasis T, Loufopoulos PD, Angioni S, et al. Indications of diagnostic hysteroscopy, a brief review of the literature. Gynecol Surg. 2012 Feb 1;9(1):23–8.
- Tangri MK, Srivastava AK. Diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography as compared to hysteroscopy in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan 31;6(2):682–7.
- Alkhateeb M, Al Zboone A. Hysteroscopy Findings in Failed IVF and their Influence on Pregnancy Outcome. Middle East J Intern Med. 2012 Nov;63(276):1–5.
- Koskas M, Mergui J-L, Yazbeck C, Uzan S, Nizard J. Office Hysteroscopy for Infertility: A Series of 557 Consecutive Cases [Internet]. Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2010
- Bosteels J, Weyers S, Puttemans P, Panayotidis C, Van Herendael B, Gomel V, et al. The effectiveness of hysteroscopy in improving pregnancy rates in subfertile women without other gynaecological symptoms: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2010 Jan 1;16(1):1–11.
- Aydeniz B, Gruber IV, Schauf B, Kurek R, Meyer A, Wallwiener D. A multicenter survey of complications associated with 21,676 operative hysteroscopies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002 Sep 10;104(2):160–4.
References
Pundir J, El Toukhy T. Uterine cavity assessment prior to IVF. Womens Health. 2010;6(6):841–8.
Pundir J, Pundir V, Omanwa K, Khalaf Y, El-Toukhy T. Hysteroscopy prior to the first IVF cycle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014 Feb 1;28(2):151–61.
Di Spiezio Sardo A, Di Carlo C, Minozzi S, Spinelli M, Pistotti V, Alviggi C, et al. Efficacy of hysteroscopy in improving reproductive outcomes of infertile couples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2016 Jun 1;22(4):479–96.
Molinas CR, Campo R. Office hysteroscopy and adenomyosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;20(4):557–67.
Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Brucker S, De Angelis C, Gergolet M, et al. The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies,. Hum Reprod. 2013 Aug 1;28(8):2032–44.
Amanvermez R, Tosun M. An Update on Ovarian Aging and Ovarian Reserve Tests. Int J Fertil Steril. 2016;9(4):411–5.
Refaat B, Dalton E, Ledger WL. Ectopic pregnancy secondary to in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer: pathogenic mechanisms and management strategies. Reprod Biol Endocrinol RBE. 2015 Apr 12
Steiner AZ, Pritchard D, Stanczyk FZ, Kesner JS, Meadows JW, Herring AH, et al. Association Between Biomarkers of Ovarian Reserve and Infertility Among Older Women of Reproductive Age. JAMA. 2017 Oct 10;318(14):1367–76.
Dağ ZÖ, Dilbaz B. Impact of obesity on infertility in women. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015 Jun 1;16(2):111–7.
Ahmadi MH, Mirsalehian A, Bahador A. Association of Chlamydia trachomatis with infertility and clinical manifestations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Infect Dis Lond Engl. 2016 Jul;48(7):517–23.
Bolnick A, Bolnick J, Diamond MP. Postoperative adhesions as a consequence of pelvic surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2015 Jun;22(4):549–63.
Conforti A, Alviggi C, Mollo A, De Placido G, Magos A. The management of Asherman syndrome: a review of literature. Reprod Biol Endocrinol RBE. 2013 Dec 27;11:118.
Kayatas S, Meseci E, Tosun OA, Arinkan SA, Uygur L, Api M. Experience of hysteroscopy indications and complications in 5,474 cases. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2014;41(4):451–4.
Pato-Mosquera M, Vázquez-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Adán M, García-García MJ, Blanco-Pérez S. [Diagnostic hysteroscopy indications and results in Complexo Hospitalario Universitario De Ourense]. Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2013 Jul;81(7):382–8.
Daniilidis A, Pantelis A, Dinas K, Tantanasis T, Loufopoulos PD, Angioni S, et al. Indications of diagnostic hysteroscopy, a brief review of the literature. Gynecol Surg. 2012 Feb 1;9(1):23–8.
Tangri MK, Srivastava AK. Diagnostic accuracy of saline infusion sonography as compared to hysteroscopy in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan 31;6(2):682–7.
Alkhateeb M, Al Zboone A. Hysteroscopy Findings in Failed IVF and their Influence on Pregnancy Outcome. Middle East J Intern Med. 2012 Nov;63(276):1–5.
Koskas M, Mergui J-L, Yazbeck C, Uzan S, Nizard J. Office Hysteroscopy for Infertility: A Series of 557 Consecutive Cases [Internet]. Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2010
Bosteels J, Weyers S, Puttemans P, Panayotidis C, Van Herendael B, Gomel V, et al. The effectiveness of hysteroscopy in improving pregnancy rates in subfertile women without other gynaecological symptoms: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2010 Jan 1;16(1):1–11.
Aydeniz B, Gruber IV, Schauf B, Kurek R, Meyer A, Wallwiener D. A multicenter survey of complications associated with 21,676 operative hysteroscopies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002 Sep 10;104(2):160–4.