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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Les adénomes hypophysaires non fonctionnels (AHNF) sont des tumeurs silencieuses et graves du fait de leur découverte le plus souvent au stade de complications. Le diagnostic repose sur la combinaison d’une IRM hypothalamo-hypophysaire et d’un hypophysiogramme complet. Le traitement est en général chirurgical. Le but du travail était de décrire cette pathologie chez le sujet noir afrocaribéen. Matériels et Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale rétrospective de 48 cas d’adénomes hypophysaires non fonctionnels colligés au service de neurochirurgie et d’endocrinologie du CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Pointe-à-Pitre. Nos variables d’intérêt étaient les données cliniques, radiologiques, biologiques et thérapeutiques. Résultats. L’âge moyen des patients était de 59 ans. Les deux principaux tableaux cliniques étaient les troubles visuels (47,9% des cas) et le syndrome tumoral hypophysaire (37,5% des cas). Le bilan biologique a objectivé une hyperprolactinémie de déconnexion dans 15% des cas avec un dysfonctionnement de l’axe gonadotrope dans 13% des cas. L’’IRM hypophysaire a objectivé des macro-adénomes (> 10 mm) dans 83,3 %, des cas et des micro-adénomes dans 16,7 % des cas. Le traitement a été chirurgical dans 100% des cas, associé à une radiothérapie externe dans un seul cas. Conclusion. Les adénomes hypophysaires non fonctionnels se caractérisent par une taille tumorale plus importante et par leur découverte tardive, le plus souvent après l’apparition des complications visuelles, d’où l’intérêt d’un interrogatoire et d’un examen minutieux et de ne pas hésiter à pousser les investigations devant des céphalées intermittentes associées à des troubles visuels pour le diagnostic précoce d’un adénome hypophysaire non fonctionnel.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Nonfunctional pituitary adenoma is a silent and serious tumor because of its discovery mostly at the stage of complications. Its diagnosis is based on the combination of a hypothalamic-pituitary MRI and a complete hypophysiogram. The treatment is usually surgical. The aim of our study was to describe their main features. Materials and methods. This was a cross sectional retrospective study of 48 cases of non-functional pituitary adenomas collected in neurosurgery and endocrinology department in Pointe-à-Pitre Center university hospital. Our data of interest were clinical presentation, biological features, MRI findings and treatment. Results. We studied 47 patients. Their average age was 59 years. The main clinical presentations were pituitary tumor syndrome (37.5%) and visual disorders (47.9%). Laboratory tests showed hyperprolactinemia (15%) and dysfunction of the gonad axis (13%). Pituitary gland MRI showed macro-adenomas (> 10 mm) in 83.3% of cases and micro-adenomas in 16.7% of cases. All patients were operated. Surgical treatment was associated with external radiotherapy in one case. Conclusion. Nonfunctional pituitary adenomas are characterized by a larger tumor size and by their late discovery, usually after visual complications, hence the importance of the investigations before any visual and headache disturbances.
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References
- (1) Abouaf L, Vighetto A, Lebas M. Neuro-ophthalmologic exploration in non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) Jul? 2015,76(3):210-19.
- (2) Agrawal A, Cincu R, Goel A. Current concepts and controversies in the management of non-functioning giant pituitary macroadenomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg Oct;2007109(8):645-50.
- (3) Buchfelder M, Schlaffer S. Surgical treatment of pituitary tumours. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab Oct; 2009,23(5):677-92.
- (4) Camara Gomez R.(2014) Non-functioning pituitary tumors: 2012 update. Endocrinol Nutr Mar;61(3):160-70.
- (5) Chanson P, Raverot G, Castinetti F, Cortet-Rudelli C, Galland F, Salenave S, et al Management of clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) Jul;2015,76(3):239-247.
- (6) Colao A, Pivonello R, Di Somma C, Savastano S, Grasso LF, Lombardi G. Medical therapy of pituitary adenomas: effects on tumor shrinkage. Rev Endocr Metab Disord Jun; 2009,10(2):111-23.
- (7) Cortet-Rudelli C, Bonneville JF, Borson-Chazot F, Clavier L, Coche Dequeant B, Desailloud R, et al. Post-surgical management of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol (Paris)Jul; 2015 ,76(3):228-38.
- (8) De Herder WW, Reijs AE, Feelders RA, van Aken MO, Krenning EP, van der Lely AJ, et al. Diagnostic imaging of dopamine receptors in pituitary adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol Apr; 2007,156 Suppl 1:S53-6.
- (9) Dhandapani S, Singh H, Negm HM, Cohen S, Anand VK, Schwartz TH. Cavernous Sinus Invasion in Pituitary Adenomas: Systematic Review and Pooled Data Meta-analysis of Radiological Criteria and Comparison of Endoscopic and Microscopic Surgery. World Neurosurg , 2016, Aug 30: 125-130
- (10) Greenman Y, Stern N. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 Oct;23(5):625-638.
- (11) Guerra Y, Lacuesta E, Marquez F, Raksin PB, Utset M, Fogelfeld L. Apoplexy in non functioning pituitary adenoma after one dose of leuprolide as treatment for prostate cancer. Pituitary, 2010; 13(1):54-9.
- (12) Korbonits M, Carlsen E. Recent clinical and pathophysiological advances in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Horm Res 2009; Apr;71 Suppl 2:123-30.
- (13) Raverot G, Assie G, Cotton F, Cogne M, Boulin A, Dherbomez M, et al. Biological and radiological exploration and management of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 2015; Jul;76(3):201-9.
- (14) Rogers A, Karavitaki N, Wass JA. Diagnosis and management of prolactinomas and non-functioning pituitary adenomas. BMJ ,2014; Sep 10;349-539
- (15) Tatsuoka H, Inano S, Hamamoto Y, Takahashi Y, Takahashi J, Yamada S, et al. Male gonadotroph adenoma: report of three cases and a review of the literature. Intern Med 2013;52(11):1199-1202.
References
(1) Abouaf L, Vighetto A, Lebas M. Neuro-ophthalmologic exploration in non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) Jul? 2015,76(3):210-19.
(2) Agrawal A, Cincu R, Goel A. Current concepts and controversies in the management of non-functioning giant pituitary macroadenomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg Oct;2007109(8):645-50.
(3) Buchfelder M, Schlaffer S. Surgical treatment of pituitary tumours. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab Oct; 2009,23(5):677-92.
(4) Camara Gomez R.(2014) Non-functioning pituitary tumors: 2012 update. Endocrinol Nutr Mar;61(3):160-70.
(5) Chanson P, Raverot G, Castinetti F, Cortet-Rudelli C, Galland F, Salenave S, et al Management of clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) Jul;2015,76(3):239-247.
(6) Colao A, Pivonello R, Di Somma C, Savastano S, Grasso LF, Lombardi G. Medical therapy of pituitary adenomas: effects on tumor shrinkage. Rev Endocr Metab Disord Jun; 2009,10(2):111-23.
(7) Cortet-Rudelli C, Bonneville JF, Borson-Chazot F, Clavier L, Coche Dequeant B, Desailloud R, et al. Post-surgical management of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol (Paris)Jul; 2015 ,76(3):228-38.
(8) De Herder WW, Reijs AE, Feelders RA, van Aken MO, Krenning EP, van der Lely AJ, et al. Diagnostic imaging of dopamine receptors in pituitary adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol Apr; 2007,156 Suppl 1:S53-6.
(9) Dhandapani S, Singh H, Negm HM, Cohen S, Anand VK, Schwartz TH. Cavernous Sinus Invasion in Pituitary Adenomas: Systematic Review and Pooled Data Meta-analysis of Radiological Criteria and Comparison of Endoscopic and Microscopic Surgery. World Neurosurg , 2016, Aug 30: 125-130
(10) Greenman Y, Stern N. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 Oct;23(5):625-638.
(11) Guerra Y, Lacuesta E, Marquez F, Raksin PB, Utset M, Fogelfeld L. Apoplexy in non functioning pituitary adenoma after one dose of leuprolide as treatment for prostate cancer. Pituitary, 2010; 13(1):54-9.
(12) Korbonits M, Carlsen E. Recent clinical and pathophysiological advances in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Horm Res 2009; Apr;71 Suppl 2:123-30.
(13) Raverot G, Assie G, Cotton F, Cogne M, Boulin A, Dherbomez M, et al. Biological and radiological exploration and management of non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 2015; Jul;76(3):201-9.
(14) Rogers A, Karavitaki N, Wass JA. Diagnosis and management of prolactinomas and non-functioning pituitary adenomas. BMJ ,2014; Sep 10;349-539
(15) Tatsuoka H, Inano S, Hamamoto Y, Takahashi Y, Takahashi J, Yamada S, et al. Male gonadotroph adenoma: report of three cases and a review of the literature. Intern Med 2013;52(11):1199-1202.