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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
But. L’objectif de notre étude était de décrire la prévalence et les déterminants de la dépression chez les étudiants de la Faculté des Science de la Santé (FSS) de Cotonou. Méthodes. Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale descriptive, à visée analytique enquête portant sur un échantillon de 766 sujets. Elle a été réalisée à partir d’un échantillonnage probabiliste, basé sur la liste officielle des étudiants de la FSS et des effectifs inscrits par année d’étude dans les entités à la FSS de Cotonou. La sélection des étudiants a été réalisée selon un sondage aléatoire stratifié. Résultats. L’âge moyen des sujets enquêtés était de 20,2 ans ± 2,32, avec des extrêmes allant de 16 à 35 ans. Pour 84,3%, le choix de la filière était fait par décision personnelle (vocation). Le niveau de difficultés des études était jugé acceptable pour 60,3%. La prévalence des troubles dépressifs chez les étudiants était de 55,9%. La filière des études médicales avait la prévalence la plus élevée (58,5%). Le sexe, la religion, le stress des gardes hospitalières, l’absence de satisfaction dans les stages hospitaliers, l’envie d’abandonner les études, la difficulté d’adaptation et la perception du niveau de difficulté des études étaient les principaux facteurs associés à la survenue des troubles dépressifs. Conclusion. La prévalence des troubles dépressifs chez les étudiants à la FSS de Cotonou est deux fois plus élevée par rapport à la population générale. Le sexe, la religion, le stress des gardes hospitalières, l’absence de satisfaction dans les stages hospitaliers, l’envie d’abandonner les études, la difficulté d’adaptation et la perception du niveau de difficulté des études sont les principaux facteurs associés à la survenue des troubles dépressifs. Leur connaissance permet d’envisager l’organisation d’une prise en charge adéquate, en vue d’améliorer la qualité de vie des étudiants.
ABSTRACT
Purpose. The objective of our study was to describe the prevalence and the factors leading to depression among students at the Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) of Cotonou. Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study, including a sample of 766 subjects. The selection of students was conducted using a stratified random survey. The parent population was the official list enrolled students of FHS per year of study. Results. The mean age in the sample was 20.2 ± 2.32, with extremes ranging from 16 to 35 years. For 84.3%, the choice of the field of study was determined by the student. The level of difficult of courses was acceptable for 60.3% of students. The prevalence of depressive disorders was 55.9%. Medical students were mostly affected (58.5%). Gender, religion, stress of night calls, poor appreciation of hospital postings, desire to leave school, difficulty of adaptation and perception of inability to cope with the level of difficulty of the studies were the main factors associated the depressive disorders. Conclusion. The prevalence of depressive disorders among students at the FHS of Cotonou is twice as high as in the general population. Gender, religion, stress of night calls, poor appreciation of hospital postings, desire to leave school, difficulty of adaptation and perception of inability to cope with the level of difficulty of the studies are the main factors associated the depressive disorders. This should lead to the implementation of proper measures, in order to improve the quality of life of the students of the FHS.
Article Details
References
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- - Ahodakin AMC. Epidémiologie de la dépression en zone urbaine à Cotonou en 2009 [Thèse de Médecine]. Bénin: Université d’Abomey- Calavi 2009.
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- - Ibrahim MB, Abdelreheem MH. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical and pharmaceutical students in Alexandria University. Alex J Med. 2015;51(2):167‑73.
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- - Yusoff MSB, Abdul Rahim AF, Baba AA, Ismail SB, Mat Pa MN, Esa AR. Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among prospective medical students. Asian J Psychiatry 2013;6(2):128‑33.
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- - Yin X, Guven N, Dietis N. Stress-based animal models of depression: Do we actually know what we are doing? Brain Res. 2016;1652:30‑42.
- - Eisenberg D, Gollust SE, Golberstein E, Hefner JL. Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2007;77(4):534‑42.
- - Shah M, Hasan S, Malik S, Sreeramareddy CT. Perceived stress, sources and severity of stress among medical undergraduates in a Pakistani medical school. BMC Med Educ. 2010;10(1):2.
- - Stewart SM, Lam TH, Betson CL, Wong CM, Wong AM. A prospective analysis of stress and academic performance in the first two years of medical school. Med Educ. 1999;33(4):243‑50.
- - Supe AN. A study of stress in medical students at Seth G.S. Medical College. J Postgrad Med. 1998;44(1):1‑6.
- - Saipanish R. Stress among medical students in a Thai medical school. Med Teach. 2003;25(5):502‑6.
References
- Tam W, Lo K, Pacheco J. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students: overview of systematic reviews. Med Edu 2019;53(4) :345-54.
- Ahodakin AMC. Epidémiologie de la dépression en zone urbaine à Cotonou en 2009 [Thèse de Médecine]. Bénin: Université d’Abomey- Calavi 2009.
- Cottraux J. Questionnaire abrégé de Beck. [Consulté le 22 mai 2016]. [En ligne]: http://www.urps-ml-paysdelaloire.fr/APIMED/uploads/pdf/Antid%C3%A9presseurs/Qestionnaire%20abrege%20de%20Beck.pdf
- Shamsuddin K, Fadzil F, Ismail WSW et al. Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian university students. Asian J Psychiatry 2013;6(4):318‑23.
- Bostanci M, Ozdel O, Oguzhanoglu NK et al. Depressive symptomatology among university students in Denizli, Turkey: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. Croat Med J. 2005;46(1):96–100.
- Alvi T, Assad F, Ramzan M, Khan FA et al. Depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20(2):122–6.
- Oppong Asante K, Andoh-Arthur J. Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among university students in Ghana. J Affect Disord. 2015;171:161‑6.
- Othieno CJ, Okoth RO, Peltzer K, Pengpid S, Malla LO. Depression among university students in Kenya: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. J Affect Disord. 2014;165:120‑5.
- Nwobi EA, Ekwueme OC, Ezeoke UE. Mental depression and coping strategies among medical students of University of Nigeria, Enugu campus. Int J Med Health Dev. 2009;14(1):1-3
- Abdel Wahed WY, Hassan SK. Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among medical Fayoum University students. Alex J Med. 2016;53(1):77-84.
- Aniebue PN, Onyema GO. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Nigerian medical undergraduates. Trop Doct. 2008;38(3):157‑8.
- Sherina MS, Rampal L, Kaneson N. Psychological stress among undergraduate medical students. Med J Malaysia 2004;59(2):207‑11.
- Ibrahim N, Dania A-K, Lamis E-K, Ahd A-H, Asali D. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression among female medical students in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Iran J Public Health 2013;42(7):726-36.
- Khan MS, Mahmood S, Badshah A, Ali SU, Jamal Y. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and their associated factors among medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. J-Pak Med Assoc. 2006;56(12):583-6.
- Berrewarts J, Desseilles M. Etat des lieux du stress et de la dépression chez les étudiants de 1ère et 2ème année de médecine. Acta Psychiatr Belg 2015;116(2):16‑26.
- Ibrahim MB, Abdelreheem MH. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical and pharmaceutical students in Alexandria University. Alex J Med. 2015;51(2):167‑73.
- Mehanna Z, Richa S. Prévalence des troubles anxio-dépressifs chez les étudiants en médecine: Étude transversale chez les étudiants en médecine de l’Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth. L’Encéphale 2006;32(6):976–82.
- Yusoff MSB, Abdul Rahim AF, Baba AA, Ismail SB, Mat Pa MN, Esa AR. Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among prospective medical students. Asian J Psychiatry 2013;6(2):128‑33.
- Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Huschka MM et al. A multicenter study of burnout, depression, and quality of life in minority and nonminority US medical students. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81(11):1435‑42.
- Hounyo MMF. Prévalence des troubles de l’humeur dans la zone sanitaire Ouidah Kpomassè Tori-Bossito du Bénin. [Thèse de Médecine n°1687]. Bénin: Université d’Abomey- Calavi; 2013. 169p
- Othieno CJ, Okoth RO, Peltzer K et al. Depression among university students in Kenya: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. J Affect Disord. 2014;165:120‑5.
- Boujut E, Koleck M, Bruchon-Schweitzer M, Bourgeois M-L. La santé mentale chez les étudiants : suivi d’une cohorte en première année d’université. Ann Méd-Psychol Rev Psychiatr. 2009;167(9):662‑8.
- Lazarus RS. Puzzles in the Study of Daily Hassles. J Behav Med. 1984;7(4):375‑88.
- Garling J. Phénoménologie du stress des jeunes internes de garde aux urgences La confrontation à l’impuissance et à la mort. [Thèse de Médecine]. France. Université de Nice -Sophia Antipolis, 2015.
- Hoeven CL, de Jong MDT, Peper B. Organizational Communication and Burnout Symptoms. 2006. Paper presented at 56th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, ICA 2006, Dresden, Germany.
- Hammen C. Stress and Depression. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1(1):293‑319.
- Yin X, Guven N, Dietis N. Stress-based animal models of depression: Do we actually know what we are doing? Brain Res. 2016;1652:30‑42.
- Eisenberg D, Gollust SE, Golberstein E, Hefner JL. Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2007;77(4):534‑42.
- Shah M, Hasan S, Malik S, Sreeramareddy CT. Perceived stress, sources and severity of stress among medical undergraduates in a Pakistani medical school. BMC Med Educ. 2010;10(1):2.
- Stewart SM, Lam TH, Betson CL, Wong CM, Wong AM. A prospective analysis of stress and academic performance in the first two years of medical school. Med Educ. 1999;33(4):243‑50.
- Supe AN. A study of stress in medical students at Seth G.S. Medical College. J Postgrad Med. 1998;44(1):1‑6.
- Saipanish R. Stress among medical students in a Thai medical school. Med Teach. 2003;25(5):502‑6.