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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for more than 85% of primary liver cancers. Recently, progresses in diagnostic modalities and therapeutic procedures have prolonged the survival in patients with HCC. Bone involvement is reported as uncommon in HCC. Axial skeleton is the most frequent localization of bone metastases. Few reports have appeared in the literature concerning patients who presented with skeletal metastases as the clinical manifestation of HCC. We describe our experience with two patients with skeletal metastases as the dominant clinical manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma.
RÉSUMÉ
Le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) représente plus de 85% des cancers primitifs du foie. Récemment, les progrès réalisés sur les plans diagnostique et thérapeutique ont permis de prolonger la survie des patients atteints de CHC. L'atteinte osseuse est signalée comme peu fréquente dans le CHC. Le squelette axial est la localisation la plus fréquente des métastases osseuses. Peu d’études dans la littérature concernent les patients qui présentent des métastases squelettiques comme une manifestation clinique du CHC. Nous rapportons notre expérience avec deux patients présentant des métastases squelettiques comme manifestation clinique dominante du CHC.
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References
- Fattovich G, Stroffolini T, Zagni I, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factor. Gastroenterology, 2004;127(5):35–50.
- Fitzmarice C, Allen C, Barber RM, et al. Global burden of Disease Cancer. JAMA Oncol, 2017;3(4):524–548.
- Longo V, Brunetti O, D’Oronzo S, Ostuni C, Gatti P, Silvestris F. Bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma: an emerging issue. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:333–342
- Si MS, Amersi F, Golish SR, Ortiz JA, Zaky J, et al. (2003) Prevalence of metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma: risk factors and impact on survival. Ann Surg 69: 879–885
- Cho HS, Oh JH, Han I, Kim HS (2009) Survival of patients with skeletal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical management. J Bone Joint Surg 91: 1505–1512.
- Natsuizaka M, Omura T, Akaika T, Kuwata Y, Yamazaki K, et al. (2005) Clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20: 1781–1787.
- Luzdivina Monteserin, Alicia Mesa, Maria Soledad Fernandez-Garcia, Arantza Gadanon-Garcia, Manuel Rodriguez, María Varela. Bone metastases as initial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma World J Hepatol. 2017 18; 9(29): 1158–1165.
- Santini D, Pantano F, Riccardi F, Di Costanzo GG, Addeo R, Guida FM et al. Natural History of Malignant Bone Disease in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Final Results of a Multicenter Bone Metastasis Survey. PLoS One. 2014 ;9(8): e105268
- Sungmin Kim, Youngmin Choi, Dong-Won Kwak, Hyung Sik Lee, Won-Joo Hur, Yang Hyun Baek et al Prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with bone metastases. Radiat Oncol J. 2019; 37(3): 207–214.
- James J. Harding, Ghaith Abu-Zeinah, Joanne F. Chou, Dwight Hall Owen, Michele Ly, Maeve Aine Loweryet al. Frequency, Morbidity, and Mortality of Bone Metastases in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018;16(1):50–58
- Burdette W. Hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Schiff L, ed. Diseases of the liver. 4th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1975:10511074.
- Linder CT, Crook JN, Cohn I. Primary liver carcinoma. Cancer 1974; 33:1624-1629.
- Patton RB, Horn RC. Primary liver carcinoma. Autopsy study of 60 cases. Cancer 1964 ; 17:757-768
- Okuda K, Jinnouchi 5, Nagasaki Y, et al. Angiographic demonstration of growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. Radiology 1977; 124:33-36.
- Ishaq KG, Goodman ZD, Stocker JT. Tumors of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, Atlas of tumor pathology. Third Series, fascicle 31. Bethesda, MD: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 2001.
- Ruchi Bhatia, Sravanthi Ravulapati, Alex Befeler, John J. Dombrowski, Sameer D. Gadani et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma with bone metastases: Incidence, prognostic significance and management : Single center experience. Journal of clinical oncology 2017 ; 34(15) : e15632
- Fukutomi M, Yokota M, Chuman H, et al: Increased incidence of bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001 ; 13:1083-1088
- Velloni F, Ramalho M, AlObaidy M, Matos AP, Altun E, Semelka RC. Bone Metastases of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Appearance on MRI Using a Standard Abdominal Protocol. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016 ;206(5):1003-12
- Longo V, Brunetti O, D’Oronzo S, Ostuni C, Gatti P, et al. Bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma: an emerging issue. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014 ; 33(1) :333-342.
- Chang IC, Huang SF, Chen PJ, et al. The hepatitis viral status in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a study of 3843 patients from Taiwan Liver Cancer Network. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 ;95(15): e3284
References
Fattovich G, Stroffolini T, Zagni I, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factor. Gastroenterology, 2004;127(5):35–50.
Fitzmarice C, Allen C, Barber RM, et al. Global burden of Disease Cancer. JAMA Oncol, 2017;3(4):524–548.
Longo V, Brunetti O, D’Oronzo S, Ostuni C, Gatti P, Silvestris F. Bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma: an emerging issue. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:333–342
Si MS, Amersi F, Golish SR, Ortiz JA, Zaky J, et al. (2003) Prevalence of metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma: risk factors and impact on survival. Ann Surg 69: 879–885
Cho HS, Oh JH, Han I, Kim HS (2009) Survival of patients with skeletal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical management. J Bone Joint Surg 91: 1505–1512.
Natsuizaka M, Omura T, Akaika T, Kuwata Y, Yamazaki K, et al. (2005) Clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20: 1781–1787.
Luzdivina Monteserin, Alicia Mesa, Maria Soledad Fernandez-Garcia, Arantza Gadanon-Garcia, Manuel Rodriguez, María Varela. Bone metastases as initial presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma World J Hepatol. 2017 18; 9(29): 1158–1165.
Santini D, Pantano F, Riccardi F, Di Costanzo GG, Addeo R, Guida FM et al. Natural History of Malignant Bone Disease in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Final Results of a Multicenter Bone Metastasis Survey. PLoS One. 2014 ;9(8): e105268
Sungmin Kim, Youngmin Choi, Dong-Won Kwak, Hyung Sik Lee, Won-Joo Hur, Yang Hyun Baek et al Prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with bone metastases. Radiat Oncol J. 2019; 37(3): 207–214.
James J. Harding, Ghaith Abu-Zeinah, Joanne F. Chou, Dwight Hall Owen, Michele Ly, Maeve Aine Loweryet al. Frequency, Morbidity, and Mortality of Bone Metastases in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018;16(1):50–58
Burdette W. Hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Schiff L, ed. Diseases of the liver. 4th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1975:10511074.
Linder CT, Crook JN, Cohn I. Primary liver carcinoma. Cancer 1974; 33:1624-1629.
Patton RB, Horn RC. Primary liver carcinoma. Autopsy study of 60 cases. Cancer 1964 ; 17:757-768
Okuda K, Jinnouchi 5, Nagasaki Y, et al. Angiographic demonstration of growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. Radiology 1977; 124:33-36.
Ishaq KG, Goodman ZD, Stocker JT. Tumors of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, Atlas of tumor pathology. Third Series, fascicle 31. Bethesda, MD: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 2001.
Ruchi Bhatia, Sravanthi Ravulapati, Alex Befeler, John J. Dombrowski, Sameer D. Gadani et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma with bone metastases: Incidence, prognostic significance and management : Single center experience. Journal of clinical oncology 2017 ; 34(15) : e15632
Fukutomi M, Yokota M, Chuman H, et al: Increased incidence of bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001 ; 13:1083-1088
Velloni F, Ramalho M, AlObaidy M, Matos AP, Altun E, Semelka RC. Bone Metastases of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Appearance on MRI Using a Standard Abdominal Protocol. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016 ;206(5):1003-12
Longo V, Brunetti O, D’Oronzo S, Ostuni C, Gatti P, et al. Bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma: an emerging issue. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014 ; 33(1) :333-342.
Chang IC, Huang SF, Chen PJ, et al. The hepatitis viral status in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a study of 3843 patients from Taiwan Liver Cancer Network. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 ;95(15): e3284