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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Le Mali a mis en place un programme de dépistage du cancer du col utérin basé sur l’inspection visuelle après application d’acide acétique ou l’inspection visuelle après application du Lugol (IVA/IVL). L’objectif de notre étude était de faire le bilan du dépistage des lésions précancéreuses et cancéreuses du col de l’utérus dans le district sanitaire de la commune V de Bamako, le CHU Point G et le CHU Gabriel Touré. Méthodologie. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale analytique avec une collecte rétrospective et prospective des données sur une période de 08 ans allant de 1er Janvier 2010 au 31 Décembre 2017. La population d’étude était constituée des femmes en activité génitale ou en ménopause ayant bénéficié d’un dépistage des lésions précancéreuses et cancéreuses du col durant la période d’étude. Ont été exclues de l’étude, les femmes enceintes, en suites de couches, en période de menstruations, les femmes vierges, celles ayant subi une hystérectomie, celle ayant un cancer du col confirmé et celles dont les dossiers médicaux étaient incomplets. Résultats. 42 492 femmes ont été dépistées sur une cible de 174 777 femmes soit une couverture de 24,30 %. Parmi elles, 24 842 femmes répondaient aux critères de sélection. 67 % des femmes dépistées appartenaient à la tranche d’âge de 25-49 ans et 12 % avaient un âge supérieur à 50 ans. La couverture en dépistage était maximale (47 %) dans les tranches d’âge de 30-34 ans et 35-39 ans. 90,1 % des femmes dépistées avaient un col normal à l’IVA/IVL. 4,1 % avaient un test positif à l’acide acétique et 5,1 % avaient un test positif au Lugol. Sur le plan anatomo-pathologique, 96,5 % avaient un col normal ou avec des lésions bénignes. 2,6 % avaient des lésions précancéreuses, 0,8 % un carcinome épidermoïde et 0,1 % avaient un adénocarcinome. L’âge avancé, la multigestité, la polygamie augmentaient le risque de survenue des lésions précancéreuses et cancéreuses du col de l’utérus. Conclusion. L’amélioration des indicateurs de dépistage avec IVA/IVL et une action sur les facteurs de risque sont des voies prometteuses en Afrique, afin de réduire le taux de morbidité et de mortalité du cancer du col de l’utérus.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Mali has put in place a cervical cancer screening program based on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) / visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the screening program of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix in the health district of Commune V of Bamako, the Point G University Hospital and the Gabriel Touré University Hospital. Patients and methods. This was an analytical cross-sectional study with retrospective and prospective data collection over a period of 08 years from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017. The study population consisted of women in childbirth or in menopause who had benefited from screening for precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix during the study period. We excluded from the study pregnant and postpartum women, virgins, on menstruating period, those who had a hysterectomy, with confirmed cervical cancer and those with incomplete medical records. Results. 42,492 women were screened out of a target of 174,777 women, ie 24.30% coverage. Among them, 24,842 women met the selection criteria. 67% of the women screened were in the 25-49 age group and 12% were aged 50 years or over. Screening coverage was highest (47%) in the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups. 90.1% of the women had a normal cervix on VIA / VILI, while 4.1% had a positive test for acetic acid and 5.1% a positive test for Lugol. At histology, 96.5% of women had normal cervix or benign lesions, while 2.6% had precancerous lesions, 0.8% squamous cell carcinoma and 0.1% adenocarcinoma. Advanced age, multigestity, polygamy increased the risk of developing precancerous or cancerous lesions of the cervix. Conclusion. Improving screening indicators with VIA / VILI is a strategy which can reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of cervical cancer. in Africa.
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References
- Arbyn M., Raifu AO., Autier P., et al. Burden of cervical cancer in Europe: estimates for 2004. Ann Oncol. 2007;18(10):1708-15.
- Baseman JG, Koutsky LA. The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections. J Clin Virol. 2005;32 Suppl 1:S16-24.
- Basu PS, Sankaranarayanan R, Mandal R, et al. Visual inspection with aceticacid and cytology in the early detection of cervical neoplasia in Kolkata, India. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2003;13(5):626-32.
- Belinson JL., Pretorius RG., Zhang WH., et al. Cervical cancer screening by simple visual inspection afteraceticacid. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98(3):441-4.
- Anderson GH, Boyes DA, Benedet JL, et al. Organisation and results of the cervical cytology screening programme in British Columbia, 1955-85. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988;296(6627):975-8.
- Denny L, Quinn M, Sankaranarayanan R. Chapter 8: Screening for cervical cancer in developing countries. Vaccine. 2006;24 Suppl 3:S3/717.
- Smith J, Parkin DM. Evaluation and monitoring of cancer screening.: Brussels-Luxemburg: European commission, 2000.
- Sankaranarayanan R, Budukh AM, Rajkumar R. Effective screening programmes for cervical cancer in low- and middle-incomedeveloping countries. Bull World HealthOrgan. 2001;79(10):954-62.
- Hakama M. Screening for cervical cancer: experience of the Nordic countries.1997.
- Irwin KL, Oberle MW, Rosero-Bixby L. Screening practices for cervical and breast cancer in Costa Rica. Bull Pan Am HealthOrgan. 1991;25(1):16-26.
- Sankaranarayanan R, Pisani. aP. “PreventionMeasures in the Third World: Are TheyPractical ” In New Developments in Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention, Ltd. OBS, editor1997.
- Chumworathayi B, Limpaphayom K, Srisupundit S, et al. VIA and cryotherapy : doingwhat's best. J Med AssocThai. 2006;89(8):1333-9.
- Sankaranarayanan R, Wesley R, Thara S, et al. Test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% aceticacid (VIA) and Lugol'siodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening in Kerala, India. Int J Cancer. 2003;106(3):4048.
- Gaffikin L, Lauterbach M, Blumenthal PD. Performance of visual inspection with aceticacid for cervical cancer screening: a qualitative summary of evidence to date. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2003;58(8):543-50.
- Sauvaget C, Fayette JM, Muwonge R, et al. Accuracy of visual inspection with aceticacid for cervical cancer screening. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011;113(1):14-24.
- Nwankwo KC, Aniebue UU, Aguwa EN, et al. Knowledge attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening amongurban and rural Nigerian women: a call for education and mass screening. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2011;20(3):362-7.
- World Health Organization (WHO) (2012b). Study on global AGEing and adulthealth. (SAGE) Wave 1: Ghana National Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
- Leung DY, Leung AY, Chi I. Breast and colorectal cancer screening and associated correlate samong Chine seolder women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(1):283-7.
- Appleby P, Beral V, Berrington de Gonzáles A, et al. Cervical carcinoma and reproductive factors: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 16,563 women with cervical carcinoma and 33,542 women without cervical carcinoma from 25 epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2006;119:1108–24.
- Autier P, Coibion M, Huet F, et al. Transformation zone location and intra epithelial neoplasia of the cervix uteri. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(3):48890.
- Vinh-Hung V, Bourgain C, Vlastos G, et al. Prognostic
- value of histopathology and trends in cervical cancer: a SEER population study. BMC Cancer. 2007;7:164.
- F. T. Millogo, M. Akotionga & J. Lankoande. Dépistage du cancer du col utérin dans un district sanitaire (Burkina Faso) par biopsie de volontaires après application d’acide acétique et de lugol. Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 2004, 97, 2, 135-138.
- Adekunle OO, Samaila MO. Prevalence of cervical intra epithelial neoplasia in Zaria. Ann Afr Med. 2010;9(3):194. doi: 10.4103/15963519.68351.
References
Arbyn M., Raifu AO., Autier P., et al. Burden of cervical cancer in Europe: estimates for 2004. Ann Oncol. 2007;18(10):1708-15.
Baseman JG, Koutsky LA. The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections. J Clin Virol. 2005;32 Suppl 1:S16-24.
Basu PS, Sankaranarayanan R, Mandal R, et al. Visual inspection with aceticacid and cytology in the early detection of cervical neoplasia in Kolkata, India. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2003;13(5):626-32.
Belinson JL., Pretorius RG., Zhang WH., et al. Cervical cancer screening by simple visual inspection afteraceticacid. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98(3):441-4.
Anderson GH, Boyes DA, Benedet JL, et al. Organisation and results of the cervical cytology screening programme in British Columbia, 1955-85. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988;296(6627):975-8.
Denny L, Quinn M, Sankaranarayanan R. Chapter 8: Screening for cervical cancer in developing countries. Vaccine. 2006;24 Suppl 3:S3/717.
Smith J, Parkin DM. Evaluation and monitoring of cancer screening.: Brussels-Luxemburg: European commission, 2000.
Sankaranarayanan R, Budukh AM, Rajkumar R. Effective screening programmes for cervical cancer in low- and middle-incomedeveloping countries. Bull World HealthOrgan. 2001;79(10):954-62.
Hakama M. Screening for cervical cancer: experience of the Nordic countries.1997.
Irwin KL, Oberle MW, Rosero-Bixby L. Screening practices for cervical and breast cancer in Costa Rica. Bull Pan Am HealthOrgan. 1991;25(1):16-26.
Sankaranarayanan R, Pisani. aP. “PreventionMeasures in the Third World: Are TheyPractical ” In New Developments in Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention, Ltd. OBS, editor1997.
Chumworathayi B, Limpaphayom K, Srisupundit S, et al. VIA and cryotherapy : doingwhat's best. J Med AssocThai. 2006;89(8):1333-9.
Sankaranarayanan R, Wesley R, Thara S, et al. Test characteristics of visual inspection with 4% aceticacid (VIA) and Lugol'siodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening in Kerala, India. Int J Cancer. 2003;106(3):4048.
Gaffikin L, Lauterbach M, Blumenthal PD. Performance of visual inspection with aceticacid for cervical cancer screening: a qualitative summary of evidence to date. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2003;58(8):543-50.
Sauvaget C, Fayette JM, Muwonge R, et al. Accuracy of visual inspection with aceticacid for cervical cancer screening. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011;113(1):14-24.
Nwankwo KC, Aniebue UU, Aguwa EN, et al. Knowledge attitudes and practices of cervical cancer screening amongurban and rural Nigerian women: a call for education and mass screening. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2011;20(3):362-7.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2012b). Study on global AGEing and adulthealth. (SAGE) Wave 1: Ghana National Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Leung DY, Leung AY, Chi I. Breast and colorectal cancer screening and associated correlate samong Chine seolder women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(1):283-7.
Appleby P, Beral V, Berrington de Gonzáles A, et al. Cervical carcinoma and reproductive factors: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 16,563 women with cervical carcinoma and 33,542 women without cervical carcinoma from 25 epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer. 2006;119:1108–24.
Autier P, Coibion M, Huet F, et al. Transformation zone location and intra epithelial neoplasia of the cervix uteri. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(3):48890.
Vinh-Hung V, Bourgain C, Vlastos G, et al. Prognostic
value of histopathology and trends in cervical cancer: a SEER population study. BMC Cancer. 2007;7:164.
F. T. Millogo, M. Akotionga & J. Lankoande. Dépistage du cancer du col utérin dans un district sanitaire (Burkina Faso) par biopsie de volontaires après application d’acide acétique et de lugol. Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 2004, 97, 2, 135-138.
Adekunle OO, Samaila MO. Prevalence of cervical intra epithelial neoplasia in Zaria. Ann Afr Med. 2010;9(3):194. doi: 10.4103/15963519.68351.