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Abstract

RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les complications liées à l’anémie sévère de la grossesse sont fréquentes au Burkina Faso. L’objectif de l’étude était d’identifier les facteurs associés à l’anémie sévère en grossesse à l’échelle d’une région au Burkina Faso. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude de cohorte rétrospective sur des cas d'anémie de la grossesse admis entre 2009 et 2011 dans les maternités des hôpitaux publics de référence de la région des Cascades au Burkina Faso. Les données de l’étude ont été recueillies en mai 2012. Résultats. Sur 1815 cas d'anémie biologique inclus dans l’étude, il y avait 27,5% de cas d’anémie sévère. Les facteurs sociodémographiques associés à l’anémie sévère étaient le jeune âge (OR=2,08; IC 95%: 1,22 - 3,52), les 1ers trimestres de grossesse (OR=6,26; IC 95%: 4,78 - 8,20), la résidence en milieu rural (OR=3,61; IC 95%: 2,64 - 4,95) et le faible niveau de revenus (OR=3,33; IC 95%: 1,41 - 7,84). Les signes cliniques associés à la fréquence élevée de l’anémie sévère étaient la pâleur conjonctivale, les œdèmes des membres inférieurs, la tachycardie, l’asthénie et les vertiges. L’anémie sévère de la grossesse était plus fréquente chez les femmes qui avaient une tension artérielle basse. Conclusion. L’anémie sévère de la grossesse était fréquente dans les hôpitaux au Burkina Faso. Les facteurs associés identifiés dans cette étude pourront orienter son diagnostic précoce.
ABSTRACT
Background. Complications associated to severe anemia in pregnancy are largely common in Burkina Faso. Our study aimed to identify factors associated with severe anemia in pregnant women at a regional level in Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study of cases of anemia in pregnant women admitted between 2009 and 2011 in maternity wards of public referral hospitals in the Cascades region of Burkina Faso. The data were collected in May 2012. Results. Among 1815 cases of biological anemia in pregnancy included in the study, there were 27.5% cases of severe anemia. Sociodemographic factors associated with the high frequency of severe anemia were young age (OR = 2.08; CI 95%: 1.22-3.52), 1st trimester of pregnancy (OR = 6.26; CI95%: 4.78-8.20), rural residence (OR = 3.61; CI 95%: 2.64-4.95), and low income (OR = 3.33; CI95%: 1.41-7.84). Clinical signs associated with the high frequency of severe anemia were conjunctival pallor, edema of the lower limbs, tachycardia, asthenia, and dizziness. Severe anemia in pregnancy was less frequent in women with normal or low diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion. Severe anemia in pregnancy was common in hospitals in Burkina Faso. The factors associated with anemia that were identified in our study may help its early diagnosis.

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Ilboudo, B., Savadogo, L., Meda, C., Traoré, I., Kinda, M., Dramaix-Wilmet, M., & Donnen, P. (2021). Facteurs Associés à l’Anémie Sévère de la Grossesse en Milieu Hospitalier dans la Région des Cascades au Burkina Faso. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 22(7). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v22i7.2847
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