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ABSTRACT
Introduction. High blood pressure (HBP) is a major public health problem in children, due to the risks of cardiovascular and renal complications associated. Systematic measurement of blood pressure and management of it’s elevation in children is not yet clearly codified. The aim of the study was to establish the baseline blood pressure of children aged 4 to 18 years. Methods. A cross sectional study was done from January 2019 to June 2019 in 4 primary and secondary schools in the city of Bafoussam using a predesigned questionnaire and making measurements of general and anthropométric following standard guidelines. The data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results. The prevalence of high blood pressure among the 1075 subjects included in our study was 2.1%, of whom 2.0% had borderline HBP and 0.1% had confirmed HBP according to the classification of the French Society of Pediatric Nephrology. Factors associated with hypertension were: age between 5-8 years, male gender (95% CI: 0.3 (0.1 - 0.9) P=0.017); obesity (95% CI: 5.5 (2.1 - 14.5), P= 0.002) and weekly duration of sports activity less than 2 hours (95% CI: 0.3 (0.1 - 0.7), P= 0.004). Conclusion. This study revealed an elevated prevalence of high blood pressure in Bafoussam, with a number of preventable risk factors. Parents and children should be educated on proper nutrition and the need to practice regular sports activities to avoid overweight and obesity.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'hypertension artérielle (HTA) est un problème majeur de santé publique chez l'enfant, en raison des risques de complications cardiovasculaires et rénales qui y sont associées. La mesure systématique de la pression artérielle et la gestion de son élévation chez les enfants ne sont pas encore clairement codifiées. L’objectif de notre étude était d’établir les valeurs de la tension artérielle de base chez les enfants de 4 à 18 ans et d’étudier l'association entre l'hypertension et certaines variables. Méthodes. Une étude transversale a été réalisée de janvier à juin 2019 dans quatre écoles primaires et secondaires de la ville de Bafoussam à l'aide d'un questionnaire préconçu et en effectuant des mesures anthropométriques selon des directives standardisées. Les données recueillies ont été analysées à l'aide de tests statistiques appropriés. Résultats. Parmi les 1075 sujets inclus, la prévalence de l'hypertension était de 2,1 %, dont 0,1 % avaient une hypertension confirmée selon la classification de la Société française de néphrologie pédiatrique. Les facteurs associés étaient : âge entre 5 et 8 ans, sexe masculin; obésité et durée hebdomadaire d'activité sportive inférieure à 2 heures. Conclusion. Cette étude a montré une prévalence élevée de l'hypertension artérielle à Bafoussam, avec des facteurs de risque évitables. Par conséquent, les parents et les enfants doivent être éduqués sur une bonne nutrition et la nécessité de pratiquer des activités sportives régulières pour éviter le surpoids et l'obésité.

Keywords

Hypertension, facteurs associés, enfants, Cameroun

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Jocelyn T , N. ., Russel T, M. ., Jeannette , E., Ritha , M. ., Isabelle, M. ., Hélène , K., Michael A., . A., Suzanne , S. ., Paul Olivier , K. N., & David , C. . (2021). Blood Pressure Profile of School Children Aged 4 to 18 Years in the City of Bafoussam: Profil tensionnel des élèves âgés de 4 à 18 ans dans la ville de Bafoussam. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 22(8). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v22i8.2890
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