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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO), une maladie assez fréquente chez les fumeurs. Elle est suspectée devant des symptômes comme la toux productive, la dyspnée chronique, qui sont variables et le plus souvent d’aggravation progressive. Le diagnostic est confirmé par la spirométrie qui demeure peu disponible dans notre contexte. Le but de notre étude était de décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et fonctionnelles des BPCO suivies en ambulatoire dans un service de pneumologie noir africain. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective réalisée sur une période de trois ans dans le service de pneumologie du CHU Point G de Bamako. Nous avons inclus les dossiers des patients ambulatoires, diagnostiqués BPCO sur la base de symptômes respiratoires chroniques associés à un rapport VEMS/CVF< 70% avant et après bronchodilation. Résultats. 166 dossiers ont été colligés dont 92.7% sujets masculins, un âge moyen de 59.4±13.17 ans DS pour des extrêmes de 20 et 91 ans. L’intoxication tabagique était le facteur de risque le plus retrouvé dans 80% et celle à la biomasse 7.2%. Les symptômes étaient essentiellement la dyspnée (93.9%), et la toux (77.7%), l’IMC moyen était de 21.54±4.6kg/m2 avec une dénutrition dans 25% des cas. La BPCO était sévère à très sévère dans respectivement 37.9% et 30.7% pour un VEMS moyen de 44,22±21.94% DS. L’hypertension artérielle, le diabète et l’anémie étaient les comorbidités les plus retrouvées. Conclusion. La BPCO est diagnostiquée à un stade avancé, généralement chez des sujets ayant une intoxication tabagique, mais d’autres causes comme la biomasse peuvent être retrouvées.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is quite common in smokers and former smokers. It is suspected in the presence of symptoms such as productive cough, exertional dyspnea that are chronic, variable and often progressive. The diagnosis is confirmed by spirometry which remains poorly available in our context. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical and functional features of COPD outpatient followed in a pulmonology department. Methods. A retrospective study was carried out over a period of three years in the pulmonology department of the teaching hospital of Point G in Bamako. We included the medical record of ambulatory patients, diagnosed with COPD on the basis of chronic respiratory symptoms associated to a FEV1 / FVC ratio <70% before and after bronchodilation. Results. We collected 166 files, among which 92.7% were male subjects, the mean age was 59.4 ± 13.17 years with extremes of 20 and 91 years. Tobacco smoke was the most common risk factor in 80% of case, while 7.2% was due to biomass. The symptoms were mainly dyspnea (93.9%) and cough (77.7%); the mean BMI was 21.54 ± 4.6 kg/ m2, with undernutrition found in 25% of cases. COPD was severe to very severe in 37.9% and 30.7%, respectively, for a mean FEV1 of 44.22 ± 21.94%. High blood pressure, diabetes, and anemia were the most common comorbidities found.. Conclusion. COPD diagnosis is made at an advanced stage, usually in people with tobacco intoxication, though other causes such as biomass may be incriminating.
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References
- Global Initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Update 2020. httpwww.gold.copd.org; MCR vision.
- The WHO. Estimations sanitaires mondiales de l’OMS. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death. Accedé les 22/12/2021
- SPLF Editorial. Quelle place accorder aux symptômes pour le diagnostic de la BPCO. Rev Mal Respir 2016 (33) :648-651.
- Miravitlles M, Ribera A. Understanding the impact of symptoms on the burden of COPD. Respiratory Research (2017) 18:67 DOI 10.1186/s12931-017-0548-3.
- Adeloye D, Basquill C, Papana A, Yee Chan K, Rudan I, Campbell H. An Estimate of the Prevalence of COPD in Africa: A Systematic Analysis. COPD, 12:71–81, 2015. ISSN: 1541-2555 print / 1541-2563 online.
- Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, Cooper BG, Hall GL, Hallstrand TS, Kaminsky DA, McCarthy K, McCormack MC, Oropez CE, Rosenfeld M, Stanojevic S, Swanney MP, Thompson BR, on behalf of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update, an Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 2019; 200 (8):70-88.
- Hua-Huy T, Duong-Quy S. Explorations fonctionnelles dans la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO). J Func Vent Pulm 2013; 4(12): 1-47
- Mounguengui D, Kombila UD, Nguemou Mba NJ, Magne C, Ondounda M, Ibinga LD, Mangouka L, Nzenze JR, Boguikouma JB, Koffi NB. Caractéristiques cliniques de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive à Libreville. Health Sci. Dis: Vol 17 (2) April-May-June 2016.
- Nguyen Thi Thanh P, Mai Thi Thanh T, Kim Xuan L. La qualité du sommeil chez les patients atteints de BPCO de l’hôpital Pham Ngoc Thach - HCM ville. J Func Vent Pulm 2015; 19(6): 1-73. doi: 10.12699/jfvp.6.19.2015.44.
- Atsou K, Annesi-Maesano I, Chouaid C. BPCO: définition, prévalence, étiologie et évaluation médico-économique. J Func Vent Pulm 2012;03(08):12-26.
- Salvi SS, Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers. Lancet. 2009;374:733–43. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61303-9.
- Guangqiao Z , ZENG, Baoquing S, Nansh Z. Non-smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A neglected entity? Respirology(2012)17, 908–912doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02152.x.
- Gemert FV, Kirenga B, Jones R. The significance of early-life prevention of COPD in sub-Saharan Africa: findings from the FRESH AIR UGANDA survey. African Journal of Respiratory Medicine 2016; 11 (2).
- SPLF éditorial. Quelle place accorder aux symptômes pour le diagnostic de la BPCO ? Rev Mal Respir 2016 ;33 :648-51.
- Roche N, Belclaux B, Martinat Y, Chouaid C, Marcos J-M, Pégliasco H, Scherrer B. Prise en charge de la BPCO en pneumologie selon le stade de gravité. Rev Mal Respir 2009 ;26 ;933-41.
- Ourari-Dhahri B, Zaibi H, Ben Amar J, EL Gharbi L, A-B M, AzzabI S, Aouina H, Bouacha H. Symptômes et histoire naturelle de la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive en milieu hospitalier. La tunisie medicale - 2014 ; Vol 92 (n°01) :12-17.
- Ketata W, Abid T, Feki W, Msaad S, Bahloul N, Ayoub A. Comparison of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and BODE index in the assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic pulmonary disorder. African Journal of Respiratory Medicine Vol 10 no 2 March 2015:4-7.
- Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1005–12
- Celli B.R, MacNee W, Agusti A, Anzueto A, Berg B, Buist A.S., Calverley P.M.A., Chavannes N, Dillard T, Fahy B, Fein A, Heffner J, Lareau S, Meek P, Martinez F, McNicholas W, Muris J, Austegard E, Pauwels R, Rennard S, Rossi A, Siafakas N, Tiep B, Vestbo J, Wouters E, ZuWallack R. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper.. European Respiratory Journal 2004 23: 932-946; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.04.00014304.
- Antonelli-Incalzi R, Imperiale C, Bellia V, Catalano F, Scichilone N, Pistelli R, Reng F. Do GOLD stages of COPD severity really correspond to differences in health status? Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 444–9.
- Cuvelier A. Apprécier le pronostic et la sévérité de la maladie BPCO: pouvons-nous nous contenter de la mesure du VEMS? Rev Mal Respir 2002; 19: 4S21–32.
- Celli BR, Goldstein R, Jardim J. Future perspectives in COPD. Respir Med 2005; 99: S41–8.
- Bartolome R. Celli, Claudia G. Cote, Jose M. Marin, Ciro Casanova, Maria Montes de Oca, Reina A. Mendez, Victor Pinto Plata, and Howard J. Cabral. The Body-Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise Capacity Index in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. n engl j med 2004;350(10):1005-12.
- Wissam M, Chatila BM, Thomashow, Minai OA, Gerard JC, Barry J. Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2008; 5: 549-555.
References
Global Initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Update 2020. httpwww.gold.copd.org; MCR vision.
The WHO. Estimations sanitaires mondiales de l’OMS. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death. Accedé les 22/12/2021
SPLF Editorial. Quelle place accorder aux symptômes pour le diagnostic de la BPCO. Rev Mal Respir 2016 (33) :648-651.
Miravitlles M, Ribera A. Understanding the impact of symptoms on the burden of COPD. Respiratory Research (2017) 18:67 DOI 10.1186/s12931-017-0548-3.
Adeloye D, Basquill C, Papana A, Yee Chan K, Rudan I, Campbell H. An Estimate of the Prevalence of COPD in Africa: A Systematic Analysis. COPD, 12:71–81, 2015. ISSN: 1541-2555 print / 1541-2563 online.
Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, Barjaktarevic IZ, Cooper BG, Hall GL, Hallstrand TS, Kaminsky DA, McCarthy K, McCormack MC, Oropez CE, Rosenfeld M, Stanojevic S, Swanney MP, Thompson BR, on behalf of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update, an Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med Vol 2019; 200 (8):70-88.
Hua-Huy T, Duong-Quy S. Explorations fonctionnelles dans la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO). J Func Vent Pulm 2013; 4(12): 1-47
Mounguengui D, Kombila UD, Nguemou Mba NJ, Magne C, Ondounda M, Ibinga LD, Mangouka L, Nzenze JR, Boguikouma JB, Koffi NB. Caractéristiques cliniques de la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive à Libreville. Health Sci. Dis: Vol 17 (2) April-May-June 2016.
Nguyen Thi Thanh P, Mai Thi Thanh T, Kim Xuan L. La qualité du sommeil chez les patients atteints de BPCO de l’hôpital Pham Ngoc Thach - HCM ville. J Func Vent Pulm 2015; 19(6): 1-73. doi: 10.12699/jfvp.6.19.2015.44.
Atsou K, Annesi-Maesano I, Chouaid C. BPCO: définition, prévalence, étiologie et évaluation médico-économique. J Func Vent Pulm 2012;03(08):12-26.
Salvi SS, Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers. Lancet. 2009;374:733–43. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61303-9.
Guangqiao Z , ZENG, Baoquing S, Nansh Z. Non-smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A neglected entity? Respirology(2012)17, 908–912doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02152.x.
Gemert FV, Kirenga B, Jones R. The significance of early-life prevention of COPD in sub-Saharan Africa: findings from the FRESH AIR UGANDA survey. African Journal of Respiratory Medicine 2016; 11 (2).
SPLF éditorial. Quelle place accorder aux symptômes pour le diagnostic de la BPCO ? Rev Mal Respir 2016 ;33 :648-51.
Roche N, Belclaux B, Martinat Y, Chouaid C, Marcos J-M, Pégliasco H, Scherrer B. Prise en charge de la BPCO en pneumologie selon le stade de gravité. Rev Mal Respir 2009 ;26 ;933-41.
Ourari-Dhahri B, Zaibi H, Ben Amar J, EL Gharbi L, A-B M, AzzabI S, Aouina H, Bouacha H. Symptômes et histoire naturelle de la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive en milieu hospitalier. La tunisie medicale - 2014 ; Vol 92 (n°01) :12-17.
Ketata W, Abid T, Feki W, Msaad S, Bahloul N, Ayoub A. Comparison of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and BODE index in the assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic pulmonary disorder. African Journal of Respiratory Medicine Vol 10 no 2 March 2015:4-7.
Celli BR, Cote CG, Marin JM. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1005–12
Celli B.R, MacNee W, Agusti A, Anzueto A, Berg B, Buist A.S., Calverley P.M.A., Chavannes N, Dillard T, Fahy B, Fein A, Heffner J, Lareau S, Meek P, Martinez F, McNicholas W, Muris J, Austegard E, Pauwels R, Rennard S, Rossi A, Siafakas N, Tiep B, Vestbo J, Wouters E, ZuWallack R. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper.. European Respiratory Journal 2004 23: 932-946; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.04.00014304.
Antonelli-Incalzi R, Imperiale C, Bellia V, Catalano F, Scichilone N, Pistelli R, Reng F. Do GOLD stages of COPD severity really correspond to differences in health status? Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 444–9.
Cuvelier A. Apprécier le pronostic et la sévérité de la maladie BPCO: pouvons-nous nous contenter de la mesure du VEMS? Rev Mal Respir 2002; 19: 4S21–32.
Celli BR, Goldstein R, Jardim J. Future perspectives in COPD. Respir Med 2005; 99: S41–8.
Bartolome R. Celli, Claudia G. Cote, Jose M. Marin, Ciro Casanova, Maria Montes de Oca, Reina A. Mendez, Victor Pinto Plata, and Howard J. Cabral. The Body-Mass Index, Airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise Capacity Index in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. n engl j med 2004;350(10):1005-12.
Wissam M, Chatila BM, Thomashow, Minai OA, Gerard JC, Barry J. Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2008; 5: 549-555.