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ABSTRACT
Background. Neonatal asphyxia continues to be a substantial cause of mortality and disability worldwide, especially in Africa. Data for Cameroon indicate high rates of mortality (21.3%) in Douala, but information remains disproportionately fragmentary for different regions of the country. Our study assessed the prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes of neonatal asphyxia amongst term neonates. Materials and methods. A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Ngaoundere over a 2-month period. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire which documented socio-demographics, associated peripartum factors, and short-term outcomes. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Prevalence was calculated and association sociodemographic and peripartum factors and outcomes were derived from logistic regression. Results. A total of 330 neonates were approached, with 114 neonates asphyxiated. Prevalence of neonatal asphyxia obtained was 35%. Factors that significantly constrained neonatal asphyxia included the following: young maternal age (<19) (adjusted OR=2.23; 95%CI:1.07-4.64; p=0.032); anemia (adjusted OR=4.35; 95% CI:1.49-11.96; p=0.005); acute fetal distress (adjusted OR=33.19; 95% CI:0.01-0.05; p<0.001); gestational age (>42 weeks) (adjusted OR=5.270; 95% CI:1.22-22.68; p=0.026). The most common short-term outcome was hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. A majority of neonates were discharged with stable neurological status. Mortality was 15.8%. Conclusion. Young maternal age (<19), anemia, acute fetal distress, gestational age (>42 weeks) were the major associated factors identified in our study. Proper antenatal consultations and monitoring during labor may help to reduce the burden of neonatal asphyxia.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'asphyxie néonatale reste une cause importante de mortalité et d'invalidité dans le monde en Afrique particulièrement. Les données du Cameroun révèlent des taux de mortalité élevée (21,3 %) à Douala, mais les informations restent disproportionnées pour les autres régions du pays. Notre étude a évalué la prévalence, les facteurs associés et le devenir des nourrissons nés à terme ayant eu l'asphyxie néonatale. Matériels et méthodes. Une étude transversale a été menée dans deux hôpitaux de Ngaoundéré sur une période de 2 mois. Les données ont été recueillies à l'aide d'un questionnaire établi à cet effet et renseignant sur les données sociodémographiques, les facteurs péripartum associés et le devenir à court terme. Les données ont été analysées avec le logiciel statistique pour les sciences sociales (SPSS version 25). La prévalence a été calculée, et les associations entre les facteurs sociodémographiques, périnataux et les résultats ont été générés en utilisant la régression logistique. Résultats. Au total, 330 nouveau-nés ont été abordés, dont 114 asphyxiés. La prévalence de l'asphyxie néonatale obtenue était de 35 %. Les facteurs significativement associés à l'asphyxie néonatale comprenaient: le jeune âge maternel (<19) (OR ajusté = 2,23 ; IC à 95 % : 1,07-4,64 ;; p=0.032), l’anémie (OR ajusté=4.45; 95% CI. 49-11.96), la souffrance fœtale aiguë (OR ajusté = 33.19;95% IC:0.01-22.68; p=0.026). La complication à court terme la plus fréquente était l'encéphalopathie ischémique hypoxique. La majorité des nourrissons avaient un bon état neurologique à la sortie. Le taux de mortalité était de 15.8%. Conclusion. Le jeune âge maternel, l’anémie, la souffrance fœtale aiguë, l'âge gestationnel (˃42 semaines) étaient les principaux facteurs associés à l’asphyxie néonatale dans notre étude. Le bon suivi de la grossesse et du travail peuvent aider à réduire le fardeau de l'asphyxie néonatale;

Keywords

Asphyxia Prevalence Neonate Outcome Ngaoundere Asphyxie Prévalence Nouveau-né Devenir Ngaoundéré

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Yolande Djike Puepi, Aissatou Mohaman, Andre Gaetan Simo, Yanelle Wandji, Naiza Monono, Wilfried Ganni Wele, & Edie Gregory Halle-Ekane. (2022). Prevalence, Associated Factors and Outcomes of Neonatal Asphyxia amongst Term Neonates in Ngaoundere. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 23(11). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v23i11.3990
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