Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectif. Au Cameroun, le coût de la prise en charge hospitalière des accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) est essentiellement supporté par les patients alors que 60% de la population vit avec un revenu mensuel inférieur au seuil de pauvreté. Malgré cela, peu d’études existent sur le coût des AVC au Cameroun et c’est la raison pour laquelle nous avons initié ce travail pour sensibiliser les populations sur l’intérêt de la prévention, ainsi que les pouvoirs publics sur la nécessité d’une sécurité sociale. Le but du travail était de déterminer le coût direct de la prise en charge d'un AVC en hospitalisation dans les deux hôpitaux de référence de la ville de Douala. Méthodologie. Nous avons mené une étude descriptive, transversale sur une période de six mois, du 1er mars au 31 août 2013 à l'Hôpital Général de Douala et à l'Hôpital Laquintinie de Douala. Les patients hospitalisés pour AVC, confirmé par un scanner cérébral ont été inclus après avoir donné leur consentement. Les données sur le coût de prise en charge ont été recueillies. L’analyse des coûts s’est faite en francs CFA, la monnaie utilisée au Cameroun (1 Euro = 656 FCFA). Résultats. Nous avons inclus 208 patients dont 49,5% des femmes, d’âge moyen 60±12,83 ans. Le coût moyen de prise en charge des AVC à l'Hôpital Général était estimé à 951 855 FCFA par patient, et 435 672 FCFA à l'Hôpital Laquintinie. Les facteurs déterminant le coût de prise en charge des AVC étaient: le type d'hôpital, le type d'AVC, la durée d'hospitalisation. Conclusion. Le coût moyen de prise en charge hospitalière des AVC à Douala est très élevé, de l’ordre de 621 795 FCFA par patient. Ce coût qui représente environ 17 fois le salaire minimum est deux fois plus élevé pour les hémorragies et deux fois plus élevé à l’Hôpital Général.
ABSTRACT
Objective. In Cameroon, the cost of stroke care is mostly in charge of patients and their family, whereas 60% of Cameroon's population lives with a monthly income below the poverty line. Albeit, few studies have been done on the cost of stroke in Cameroon although this disease is the first cause of hospitalization in Neurology in the country. This study was initiated in order to raise awareness of the population on preventive measures, and the government on the need for social support. The aim was to determine the direct cost of stroke care during hospitalization in two referral hospitals in the city of Douala-Cameroon. Methods. We conducted a cross sectional and descriptive study, over a period of six months, from March 1st to August 31, 2013 at the Douala General Hospital (DGH) and the Douala Laquintinie Hospital (DLH). Patients hospitalized for stroke, confirmed by CT scan were included after giving their free and informed consent. The direct cost of care and their determinants were recorded. Cost analysis was made in CFA francs, the Cameroon currency (1 Euros = CFA 656 in 2013). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent determinants of cost. Results. Mean age of the 208 patients (49.5% women) was 60 ± 12.83 years. The average cost of stroke care at the DGH was estimated at 951,855 CFA francs per patient, and 435,672 CFA francs at the DLH. The largest expenditures were attributed to drugs (42.4%) and imaging (18.0%). Determinants of the cost of stroke care were: type of hospital, type of stroke, and duration of hospitalization. Conclusion. The average cost of hospital care for stroke is very high, estimated at 621,795 CFA francs per patient. This cost represents 17 times the minimum salary in Cameroon, is two times higher for hemorrhagic stroke and twice at the DGH compared to DLH.
Article Details
References
- Longo-Mbenza B, Ngimbi RM, Ngoma DV, Fuele SM, Buassa-bu-Tsumbu B. [Risk factors of stroke among Congolese black hypertensive diabetics]. Ann. Cardiol. Angéiologie. 2008;57:37–43.
- Amarenco P. [Cerebrovascular stroke: epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, diagnosis, course, treatment]. Rev. Prat. 1998;48:1939–52.
- Strong K, Mathers C, Bonita R. Preventing stroke: saving lives around the world. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:182–7.
- Njankouo YM, Tegue CK, Kouna PEBA, Namme HL, Sone AM, Kongnyu AN. Coût des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux à l’Hôpital Général De Douala. Health Sci. Dis. 2014;15. Available from: http://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/425
- Kuate-Tegueu C, Mapoure-Njankouo Y, Gopdjim-Massu L, Doumbe J, Noubissi-Dada G, Dissongo J, et al. Mortalité par Accident Vasculaire Cérébral et ses déterminants dans un Hôpital de référence de Douala (Cameroun). Health Sci. Dis. 2016;17. Available from: http://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/585
- Sagui E. [Stroke in sub-Saharan Africa]. Médecine Trop. Rev. Corps Santé Colon. 2007;67:596–600.
- WHO. Stroke--1989. Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders. Stroke J. Cereb. Circ. 1989;20:1407–31.
- Richard V. Le financement de la santé en Afrique Sub-saharienne: le recouvrement des coûts. Méd Trop. 2004;64:337–40.
- Mapoure NJ, Kuate Tegueu, Tchaleu Nguenkam, Mbatchou Ngahane et al. Stroke Epidemiology in Douala: Three Years Prospective Study in a Teaching Hospital in Cameroon [Internet]. World Journal of Neuroscience 2014; 4:406-414. Available from: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=51293
- Mapoure NY, Tchaleu Nguenkam CB, Mbatchou Ngahane HB, Dzudie A, Coulibaly A, Mounjouopou NG, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality for stroke in Douala, Cameroon. Stroke Res. Treat. 2014;2014:681209.
- Nkoke C, Lekoubou A, Balti E, Kengne AP. Stroke mortality and its determinants in a resource-limited setting: A prospective cohort study in Yaounde, Cameroon. J. Neurol. Sci. 2015;358:113–7.
- Kutzin J. Health financing for universal coverage and health system performance: concepts and implications for policy. Bull. World Health Organ. 2013;91:602–11.
- Tendances, profil et déterminants de la pauvreté au Cameroun entre 2001- 2014 [Internet]. [cited 2016 Sep 3]. Available from: http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/news.php?id=334
- WHO | Harmonization for Health in Africa (HHA) [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2016 Sep 3]. Available from: http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/countries/hha/en/
- WHO | Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2016 Sep 3]. Available from: http://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/
- http://www.cm-minsante-drh.com/site/images/stories/cdmt/cdmtfr.pdf - Google Search [Internet]. [cited 2016 Sep 3].
- Gombet TR, Ellenga-Mbolla BF, Ikama MS, Ekoba J, Kimbally-Kaky G. [Cost of emergency cardiovascular care at the University Hospital Center in Brazzaville, Congo]. Médecine Trop. Rev. Corps Santé Colon. 2009;69:45–7.
- Touré K, Ndiaye NM, Sène Diouf F, Ndiaye M, Diallo AK, Ndao AK, et al. [Evaluation of the cost of stroke management in Dakar, Senegal]. Médecine Trop. Rev. Corps Santé Colon. 2005;65:458–64.
- Samaké MO. EVALUATION DU COUT DE LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES ACCIDENTS VASCULAIRES CEREBRAUX AU SERVICE DE REANIMATION POLYVALENTE DU CHU du. 2008 [cited 2016 Sep 3]; Available from: http://www.keneya.net/fmpos/theses/2008/med/pdf/08M75.pdf
- Adoukonou T, Kouna-Ndouongo P, Codjia J-M, Covi R, Tognon-Tchegnonsi F, Preux P-M, et al. [Direct hospital cost of stroke in Parakou in northern Benin]. Pan Afr. Med. J. 2013;16:121.
- Spieler J-F, de Pouvourville G. [Cost evaluation of post-stroke outpatient care: results of a mail survey of patients in the Dijon population-based stroke registry]. Presse Médicale Paris Fr. 1983. 2007;36:399–403.
- Yoneda Y, Uehara T, Yamasaki H, Kita Y, Tabuchi M, Mori E. Hospital-based study of the care and cost of acute ischemic stroke in Japan. Stroke J. Cereb. Circ. 2003;34:718–24.
- Wei JW, Heeley EL, Jan S, Huang Y, Huang Q, Wang J-G, et al. Variations and determinants of hospital costs for acute stroke in China. PloS One. 2010;5.
- Laloux P, Belgian Stroke Council. Cost of acute stroke. A review. Acta Neurol. Belg. 2003;103:71–7.
- Khatib R, McKee M, Shannon H, Chow C, Rangarajan S, Teo K, et al. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study data. Lancet Lond. Engl. 2016;387:61–9.
- Spieler J-F, Lanoë J-L, Amarenco P. Costs of stroke care according to handicap levels and stroke subtypes. Cerebrovasc. Dis. Basel Switz. 2004;17:134–42.
- Yekhlef F, Decup D, Niclot P, Servan J, Descombes S, Richecoeur J, et al. [Medico-economic assessment of the Pontoise Hospital stroke unit]. Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 2010;166:901–8.
References
Longo-Mbenza B, Ngimbi RM, Ngoma DV, Fuele SM, Buassa-bu-Tsumbu B. [Risk factors of stroke among Congolese black hypertensive diabetics]. Ann. Cardiol. Angéiologie. 2008;57:37–43.
Amarenco P. [Cerebrovascular stroke: epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, diagnosis, course, treatment]. Rev. Prat. 1998;48:1939–52.
Strong K, Mathers C, Bonita R. Preventing stroke: saving lives around the world. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:182–7.
Njankouo YM, Tegue CK, Kouna PEBA, Namme HL, Sone AM, Kongnyu AN. Coût des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux à l’Hôpital Général De Douala. Health Sci. Dis. 2014;15. Available from: http://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/425
Kuate-Tegueu C, Mapoure-Njankouo Y, Gopdjim-Massu L, Doumbe J, Noubissi-Dada G, Dissongo J, et al. Mortalité par Accident Vasculaire Cérébral et ses déterminants dans un Hôpital de référence de Douala (Cameroun). Health Sci. Dis. 2016;17. Available from: http://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/585
Sagui E. [Stroke in sub-Saharan Africa]. Médecine Trop. Rev. Corps Santé Colon. 2007;67:596–600.
WHO. Stroke--1989. Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders. Stroke J. Cereb. Circ. 1989;20:1407–31.
Richard V. Le financement de la santé en Afrique Sub-saharienne: le recouvrement des coûts. Méd Trop. 2004;64:337–40.
Mapoure NJ, Kuate Tegueu, Tchaleu Nguenkam, Mbatchou Ngahane et al. Stroke Epidemiology in Douala: Three Years Prospective Study in a Teaching Hospital in Cameroon [Internet]. World Journal of Neuroscience 2014; 4:406-414. Available from: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=51293
Mapoure NY, Tchaleu Nguenkam CB, Mbatchou Ngahane HB, Dzudie A, Coulibaly A, Mounjouopou NG, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality for stroke in Douala, Cameroon. Stroke Res. Treat. 2014;2014:681209.
Nkoke C, Lekoubou A, Balti E, Kengne AP. Stroke mortality and its determinants in a resource-limited setting: A prospective cohort study in Yaounde, Cameroon. J. Neurol. Sci. 2015;358:113–7.
Kutzin J. Health financing for universal coverage and health system performance: concepts and implications for policy. Bull. World Health Organ. 2013;91:602–11.
Tendances, profil et déterminants de la pauvreté au Cameroun entre 2001- 2014 [Internet]. [cited 2016 Sep 3]. Available from: http://www.statistics-cameroon.org/news.php?id=334
WHO | Harmonization for Health in Africa (HHA) [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2016 Sep 3]. Available from: http://www.who.int/workforcealliance/countries/hha/en/
WHO | Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage [Internet]. WHO. [cited 2016 Sep 3]. Available from: http://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/
http://www.cm-minsante-drh.com/site/images/stories/cdmt/cdmtfr.pdf - Google Search [Internet]. [cited 2016 Sep 3].
Gombet TR, Ellenga-Mbolla BF, Ikama MS, Ekoba J, Kimbally-Kaky G. [Cost of emergency cardiovascular care at the University Hospital Center in Brazzaville, Congo]. Médecine Trop. Rev. Corps Santé Colon. 2009;69:45–7.
Touré K, Ndiaye NM, Sène Diouf F, Ndiaye M, Diallo AK, Ndao AK, et al. [Evaluation of the cost of stroke management in Dakar, Senegal]. Médecine Trop. Rev. Corps Santé Colon. 2005;65:458–64.
Samaké MO. EVALUATION DU COUT DE LA PRISE EN CHARGE DES ACCIDENTS VASCULAIRES CEREBRAUX AU SERVICE DE REANIMATION POLYVALENTE DU CHU du. 2008 [cited 2016 Sep 3]; Available from: http://www.keneya.net/fmpos/theses/2008/med/pdf/08M75.pdf
Adoukonou T, Kouna-Ndouongo P, Codjia J-M, Covi R, Tognon-Tchegnonsi F, Preux P-M, et al. [Direct hospital cost of stroke in Parakou in northern Benin]. Pan Afr. Med. J. 2013;16:121.
Spieler J-F, de Pouvourville G. [Cost evaluation of post-stroke outpatient care: results of a mail survey of patients in the Dijon population-based stroke registry]. Presse Médicale Paris Fr. 1983. 2007;36:399–403.
Yoneda Y, Uehara T, Yamasaki H, Kita Y, Tabuchi M, Mori E. Hospital-based study of the care and cost of acute ischemic stroke in Japan. Stroke J. Cereb. Circ. 2003;34:718–24.
Wei JW, Heeley EL, Jan S, Huang Y, Huang Q, Wang J-G, et al. Variations and determinants of hospital costs for acute stroke in China. PloS One. 2010;5.
Laloux P, Belgian Stroke Council. Cost of acute stroke. A review. Acta Neurol. Belg. 2003;103:71–7.
Khatib R, McKee M, Shannon H, Chow C, Rangarajan S, Teo K, et al. Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study data. Lancet Lond. Engl. 2016;387:61–9.
Spieler J-F, Lanoë J-L, Amarenco P. Costs of stroke care according to handicap levels and stroke subtypes. Cerebrovasc. Dis. Basel Switz. 2004;17:134–42.
Yekhlef F, Decup D, Niclot P, Servan J, Descombes S, Richecoeur J, et al. [Medico-economic assessment of the Pontoise Hospital stroke unit]. Rev. Neurol. (Paris). 2010;166:901–8.