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ABSTRACT
Aim. To establish the profile of the stereoscopic acuity of school children aged 3 to 5 years in the Yaounde 2 sub-division. Methodology. We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study on a probabilistic sampling at 4 levels in nursery schools. Far vision was measured using the Pigassou chart, and the stereoscopic vision was assessed by means of TNO stereotest. Results. We examined 365 children among whom 362 (99.2%) had a stereoscopic acuity. Out of the latter, 10.4% had an abnormal stereoscopic vision. The median values of the stereoscopic acuity were refined with the age. They varied from 120'' at 3 years, to 60'' at 4 and 5 years. The proportion of children having a stereoacuity ≤ 60'' increased with the age; 32.3% at 3 years, 66.1% at 4 years, and 79.6% at 5 years. Conclusion. The profile of the stereoscopic acuity in Cameroonian children does not have any specificity compared to the literature. The stereoacuity continues to be refined between age 3 and 5 to reach the threshold values of the adult. This examination is recommended for the screening of visual disorders in childhood.
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References
- Orssaud C. Vision binoculaire. Encycl Méd Chir (Editions Scientifiques et Médicales Elsevier SAS. Paris. tous droits réservés). Ophtalmologie. 21-545-A-25. 2006. 11p.
- Ohlsson J. Villarreal G. Abrahamsson M. Cavazos H. Sjöström A. Sjöstrand J. Screening merits of the Lang II. Frisby. Randot. Titmus. and TNO stereo tests. J AAPOS Off Publ Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2001 Oct;5(5):316–22.
- Farvardin M. Afarid M. Evaluation of stereo tests for screening of amblyopia. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2007 Apr 9;9(2)79–86.
- Fox R. Patterson R. Francis EL. Stereoacuity in young children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986 Apr;27(4):598–600.
- Ciner EB. Ying G-S. Kulp MT. Maguire MG. Quinn GE. Orel-Bixler D. et al. Stereoacuity of preschool children with and without vision disorders. Optom Vis Sci Off Publ Am Acad Optom. 2014 Mar;91(3):351–8.
- Romano PE. Romano JA. Puklin JE. Stereoacuity development in children with normal binocular single vision. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975 Jun;79(6):966–71.
- Bilan de campagne visuelle 2011-2012l. Département du Nord. Association de Prévention et d'Education Sanitaire Actions Locales.
- Bureau Central des Recensement et des Etudes des Populations. 3ème Recensement Global de la Population et de l'Habitat du Cameroun. 2005.
- Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples. 2011.
- Birch E. Williams C. Drover J. Fu V. Cheng V Northstone K. et al. Randot Preschool Stereoacuity Test : Normative data and validity. JAAPOS. 2008 Feb; 12 (1) : 23-26.
- Sharma P. Saxena R. Narvekar M. Gadia R. Menon V. Evaluation of distance and near stereoacuity and fusional vergence in intermittent exotropia. Indian J Ophtalmol. 2008 Mar-Apr ; 56 (2) : 121-123.
- Hard AL. Niklasson A. Svensson E. Hellström A. Visual function in school-aged children born before 29 weeks: a population-based study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2000; 42 :100-105.
References
Orssaud C. Vision binoculaire. Encycl Méd Chir (Editions Scientifiques et Médicales Elsevier SAS. Paris. tous droits réservés). Ophtalmologie. 21-545-A-25. 2006. 11p.
Ohlsson J. Villarreal G. Abrahamsson M. Cavazos H. Sjöström A. Sjöstrand J. Screening merits of the Lang II. Frisby. Randot. Titmus. and TNO stereo tests. J AAPOS Off Publ Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2001 Oct;5(5):316–22.
Farvardin M. Afarid M. Evaluation of stereo tests for screening of amblyopia. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2007 Apr 9;9(2)79–86.
Fox R. Patterson R. Francis EL. Stereoacuity in young children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986 Apr;27(4):598–600.
Ciner EB. Ying G-S. Kulp MT. Maguire MG. Quinn GE. Orel-Bixler D. et al. Stereoacuity of preschool children with and without vision disorders. Optom Vis Sci Off Publ Am Acad Optom. 2014 Mar;91(3):351–8.
Romano PE. Romano JA. Puklin JE. Stereoacuity development in children with normal binocular single vision. Am J Ophthalmol. 1975 Jun;79(6):966–71.
Bilan de campagne visuelle 2011-2012l. Département du Nord. Association de Prévention et d'Education Sanitaire Actions Locales.
Bureau Central des Recensement et des Etudes des Populations. 3ème Recensement Global de la Population et de l'Habitat du Cameroun. 2005.
Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples. 2011.
Birch E. Williams C. Drover J. Fu V. Cheng V Northstone K. et al. Randot Preschool Stereoacuity Test : Normative data and validity. JAAPOS. 2008 Feb; 12 (1) : 23-26.
Sharma P. Saxena R. Narvekar M. Gadia R. Menon V. Evaluation of distance and near stereoacuity and fusional vergence in intermittent exotropia. Indian J Ophtalmol. 2008 Mar-Apr ; 56 (2) : 121-123.
Hard AL. Niklasson A. Svensson E. Hellström A. Visual function in school-aged children born before 29 weeks: a population-based study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2000; 42 :100-105.