Prognostic Factors of Childhood Non-Traumatic Coma in Libreville
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v1i4%20Oct-Nov-Dec.4896Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les comas non traumatiques de l’enfant sont des états graves en réanimation. L’objectif de ce travail était d’analyser les facteurs associés aux décès dans ces pathologies. Méthodologie. Étude rétrospective, transversale et descriptive, de janvier 2019 à décembre 2021 en Réanimation au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère-Enfant de Libreville. Etaient inclus les patients de 2 mois à 16 ans admis pour trouble de la conscience non traumatique. Les variables d’étude étaient épidémiologiques, étiologiques et évolutives. Résultats. Avec 205 patients inclus, on a une prévalence de 49,4%. L’âge moyen était de 6,3 ± 5 ans [2 mois et 16 ans]. Les étiologies étaient le paludisme chez 50,7% (n=107), l’encéphalopathie toxique et métabolique chez 17,6% (n=32), la méningoencéphalite bactérienne chez 12 patients (5,9%) et un processus intracrânien chez 6 patients (2,9%). La mortalité était de 39,0% (n=80). Les facteurs associés aux décès étaient l’âge de 2 à 23 mois (p < 0,001 ; OR = 3,2 [1,6-6,2]), la méningoencéphalite bactérienne (p = 0,02 ; OR = 3,6 [1,3-11,9]) et moins de trois jours de séjour (p = 0,001 ; OR = 10,7 [4,2-27,3]). Conclusion : Les facteurs pronostiques des comas non traumatiques sont le bas âge, le paludisme, la méningoencéphalite bactérienne et un court séjour en réanimation. L’optimisation des moyens diagnostiques et l’éducation des familles sont indispensables.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Childhood non-traumatic coma is a critical state in pediatric intensive care. The objective of this work was to identify the factors related to deaths in this dreadful condition. Materials and methods. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study held from January 2019 to December 2021 at Mother/Child University Hospital Center of Libreville. Patients aged from 2 months to 16 years admitted for non-traumatic consciousness disorder were included. Our variables of study were sociodemographic data, etiologies and outcome. Results. With 205 patients included, we got a prevalence of 49,4 %. The mean age was 6,3 ± 5 years [2 months and 16 years]. The main etiologies were malaria ( (n=107. 50.7%), toxic and metabolic encephalopathy (n=32. 17.6 % ), bacterial meningoencephalitis (n=12; 5.9%) and an intracranial expansive process (n=6; 2.9%). The mortality was 39,0% (n=80). Factors associated to deaths were age 2 to 23 months (p <0,001; OR = 3,2 [1,6-6,2], bacterial meningoencephalitis (p=0,02; OR= 3,6 [1,3-11,9] and a hospital stay less than 3 days (p=0,001, OR = 10,7 [4,2-27,3]). Conclusion. Prognostic factors of non-traumatic comas are young age, malaria, bacterial meningoencephalitis and a short stay in intensive care service. The optimization of diagnostic means and family education are essential.
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