Hémorragie de la Sous-Galéale chez le Nouveau-Né : À Propos d’un Cas
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i6.5817Mots-clés :
nouveau-né, hématome sous- galéale, accouchement instrumental, traumatisme obstétricalRésumé
RÉSUMÉ
L'hémorragie sous-galéale, aussi appelée hématome sous-galéal ou hématome extensif du cuir chevelu, est un épanchement sanguin péri-crânien souvent consécutif à un traumatisme obstétrical ou à un accouchement instrumental. Elle est parfois méconnue et peut-être confondue avec un céphalhématome ou avec une bosse séro-sanguine et son pronostic est plus sévère. Nous rapportons le cas d’un nouveau-né à terme de sexe masculin référé à la 5ème heure de vie pour une asphyxie périnatale. Une hémorragie de la sous galéale associée à une fracture occipitale a été suspectée devant un hématome étendu décollant les oreilles, un périmètre crânien de 40 cm et des crépitations à la palpation de l’occiput. Une hémorragie de la sous-galéale est une lésion grave qui doit être évoquée devant tout hématome du scalp après un accouchement dystocique. Un diagnostic précoce permet une prise en charge adéquate qui améliore le pronostic. La prévention repose sur le choix judicieux de la voie d’accouchement.
ABSTRACT
Subgaleal haemorrhage, also known as subgaleal haematoma or extensive scalp haematoma, is a pericranial blood effusion often resulting from obstetric trauma or instrumental delivery. It is sometimes unrecognised and may be confused with a cephalohaematoma or serosanguineous bump, and its prognosis is more severe. We report the case of a full term male neonate referred at 5 hours of life for perinatal asphyxia. A subgaleal haemorrhage associated with an occipital fracture was suspected in view of an extensive haematoma detaching the ears, a head circumference of 40 cm and crepitations on palpation of the occiput. Subgaleal haemorrhage is a serious lesion and should be suspected in the presence of any scalp haematoma following a dystocic delivery. Early diagnosis allows appropriate management, which improves the prognosis. Prevention is based on a judicious choice of delivery route.
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(c) Tous droits réservés Diomède Noukeu Njinkui, Dominique Enyama, Yannick Onana, Yolande Djike Puepi Fokam, Hugues Martial Zanga, Danièle-Christiane Kedy Koum 2024
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