Épidémiologie, Diagnostic et Pronostic de la Schistosomiase Urinaire à Yagoua (Cameroun)
Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prognosis of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Yagoua (Cameroon)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v2i11.6128Mots-clés :
Schistosomiase urinaire, Diagnostic, pronostic, YagouaRésumé
RESUME
Introduction. Au Cameroun, il existe des potentiels foyers de nombreuses maladies émergentes particulièrement celles tropicales négligées notamment la schistosomiase urinaire. L’objectif de notre étude est d’étudier la schistosomiase urinaire en se penchant sur ses particularités épidémiologiques, diagnostic et pronostic au Cameroun. Méthodologie. Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective transversale et analytique sur une période de 5 mois allant du 1 Avril au 30 Août 2023 à l’hôpital régional de Yagoua. Etaient inclus dans notre étude, les personnes âgée de plus de 10 ans, présentant lors de leur admission à l’hôpital un trouble urinaire et consentant à participer à l’étude. Résultats. La prévalence de la Schistosomiase urinaire dans notre étude était de 83,3%. La tranche d’âge la plus représentée était celle de 25-34 ans (37%). Le niveau d’étude le plus retrouvé était le niveau primaire (67%). Les participants vivaient à proximité des eaux stagnantes dans 87% des cas. Les espèces identifiées étaient S. heamatobium (80.7%) et S. mansoni (19.3%). Il existait une association significative entre la schistomiase urinaire et l’âge et le niveau scolaire. Les personnes ayant entre 25 et 34 ans ont 69 % de risque d’être infectées (OR=0,31 ; 95% CI : 0,04 – 1,75). Les personnes avec niveau inférieur au primaire avaient 4 fois plus risque de schistosomiase urinaire que les autres (OR= 9,6 IC : 7,88 – 13,0 P<0,001 , 000). Conclusion. La prévalence hospitalière de la SU élevée corrobore une bonne couverture du programme de lutte dans notre zone d’étude. La localisation atypique de l’espèce S mansoni renvoie à une réflexion sur l’évolution de la pathogénicité de cette espèce dans notre contexte.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Cameroon, there are potential outbreaks of many emerging diseases, particularly neglected tropical diseases such as urinary schistosomiasis. The aim of our study is to investigate urinary schistosomiasis by examining its epidemiological, diagnostic and prognostic features in Cameroon. Methodology. This was a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted over a 5-month period from 1 April to 30 August 2023 at the Yagoua regional hospital. All patients over 10 years of age who presented with a urinary disorder on admission to hospital and who consented to participate in the study were included. Results. The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in our study was 83.3%. The most common age group was 25-34 years (37%). The highest level of education was primary school (67%). Participants lived near stagnant water in 87% of cases. The species identified were S. heamatobium (80.7%) and S. mansoni (19.3%). There was a significant association between urinary schistomiasis and age and level of education. People aged between 25 and 34 had a 69% risk of being infected (OR=0.31; 95% CI: 0.04 - 1.75). People with less than primary education had 4 times the risk of urinary schistosomiasis than others (OR= 9.6 CI: 7.88 - 13.0 P< 0.001 , 000). Conclusion. The high hospital prevalence of UDS is consistent with good coverage of the control programme in our study area. The atypical location of the S mansoni species calls for careful consideration of the evolution of the pathogenicity of this species in our context.
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