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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les troubles du spectre de l’autisme se caractérisent par une altération du comportement social, de la communication du langage, et par la modicité des centres d’intérêts. Du fait de leur particularité mentale, et de la prise de certains médicaments, nous observons chez ces patients plusieurs pathologies buccales, ce qui justifie notre travail.
Méthodologie. Une étude transversale descriptive a été menée dans la ville de Yaoundé au sein des services de pédiatrie et de psychomotricité de deux centres de référence. Durant cinq mois, nous avons collecté des informations sociodémographiques, psycho affectives et cliniques buccales des patients. Les données enregistrées ont été simultanément discutées. Résultats. Les 102 patients inclus, souffraient de trouble du spectre de l’autisme d’intensité légère à modérée. Ceux en denture mixte étaient plus nombreux (59,8%) et le sex-ratio était de 2. 27,5% souffraient d’anxiété et les attitudes, extrêmement négative (73%) et négative (27%) étaient majoritaires. Cinq patients furent exclus, car nécessitaient une médication sédative pour être examinés. A l’examen endo buccal, 11% présentait des traumatismes labiaux et des aphtes. Parmi les patients examinés, 53% avaient de la plaque dentaire, et environ 56% avaient une hygiène bucco-dentaire moyenne à mauvaise. Aussi, 42% des patients avaient des dents cariées. Conclusion. les patients atteints de troubles du spectre de l’autisme présentent des affections buccales acquises qui seraient favorisées par leur état psychoaffectif. Ces derniers ont besoin, d’un suivi bucco dentaire spécifique, régulier et adapté à leur compliance aux soins.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by impaired social behavior, language communication, and limited interests. Because of their mental particularity, and the taking of certain medication. We observe in these patients several oral pathologies, which justifies our work. Methods. A descriptive cross –sectional study was conducted in the city of Yaounde within the pediatric and psychomotricity departments of two reference centers for five months. We collected socio-demographic, psycho-affective and oral clinical information from the patients. The recorded data were simultaneously discussed. Results. The 102 patients included suffered from mild to moderate autism spectrum disorder .Those with mixed dentition were more numerous (59.8%) and sex ratio was 2.27.5% suffered from anxiety, (73%) extremely negative and negative attitude were in the majority (27%).Five patients were excluded because they required sedative medication to be examined .On oral examination, 11% presented lip trauma and mouth ulcers. Among the patients examined, 53% had dental plaque, 56% had fair to poor hygiene and 42% had decayed teeth. Conclusion. Patients with autism spectrum disorders have acquired oral conditions that would be favored by their psycho-affective state. The latter need a specific oral follow-up, regular and adapted to their compliance with care.
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References
- Chamak B, Cohen D. L’autisme : vers une nécessaire révolution culturelle. MS Médecine Sci .2003 ; Vol 19 ( 1152-1159): 1958-5381.
- Bellahsen N. Troubles du spectre de l’autisme et santé bucco-dentaire : évaluation des pratiques et élaboration de recommandations. 21 mars 2017; p56.
- Marion IW, Nelson TM, Sheller B, McKinney CM, Scott JM. Dental stories for children with autism. Spec Care Dent Off Publ Am Assoc Hosp Dent Acad Dent Handicap Am Soc Geriatr Dent. 2016;36(4):181‑6.
- Mbassi Awa HD, Bekono A, Tamgnoue GA, Messanga CB, Ndombo POK. Hygiène Buccodentaire, Formes Cliniques des Lésions Carieuses et Parodontopathies chez les Enfants Handicapés dans Deux Centres Spécialisés de Yaoundé. Health Sci Dis [Internet]. 5 févr 2018 [cité 8 juin 2021];19(1 (Suppl)). https://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/987
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- Jaber MA. Dental caries experience, oral health status and treatment needs of dental patients with autism. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(3):212‑7.
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- van Steensel FJA, Bögels SM, Perrin S. Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2011;14(3):302‑17.
- Taylor MJ, Rosenqvist MA, Larsson H, Gillberg C, D’Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, et al. Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Autistic Traits Over Time. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(9):1‑8
- Delli K, Reichart P A, Bornstein M M, Livas C. Management of children with autism spectrum disorder in the dental setting: Concerns, behavioural approaches and recommendations. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18 (6):862-8.
- Orna Tzischinski, Gal Meiri, Liora Manelis, Asif Bar-Sinaï, Hagit Flusser, Analya Michaelovski Orit Zivan, Michal Ilan, Michal Faroy Idan Menashe & Ilan Dinstein. Sleep disturbances are associated with specific sensory sensitivities in children with autism | Molecular Autism . 2021; https://molecularautism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13229-018-0206-8
- Chiang H-L, Kao W-C, Chou M-C, Chou W-J, Chiu Y-N, Wu Y-Y, et al. School dysfunction in youth with autistic spectrum disorder in Taiwan: The effect of subtype and ADHD. Autism Res. 2018;11(6):857‑69.
- J.Martos-Perez J, Freire-Prudencio s, Llorente-Comi M, Ayuda-Pascual R, Gonzalez-Navarro A. Autismo y cociente intelectual: ¿estabilidad?.2018 . https://neurologia.com/articulo/2018011
- Hosseini SA, Molla M. Asperger Syndrome. StatPearls Publishing. 2021; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557548/
- Simonoff E., Cornichons A., Charman T., Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity and associated factors in a population-derived sample. J Am Acad Pédopsychiatrie. 2008; 47: 921-929
- Lefer G, Bourdon P, Mercier C, Lopez-Cazaux S. Apprentissage du brossage dentaire chez des enfants présentant un trouble du spectre autistique : effets de l’utilisation de tablettes tactiles. Sante Publique (Bucur). 2018; 30(3):297‑306.
- Naidoo M, Singh S. The Oral health status of children with autism Spectrum disorder in KwaZulu-Nata, South Africa. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:165.
- DeMattei R, Cuvo A, Maurizio S. Oral Assessment of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Dent Hyg. 2007;81(3):11.
References
Chamak B, Cohen D. L’autisme : vers une nécessaire révolution culturelle. MS Médecine Sci .2003 ; Vol 19 ( 1152-1159): 1958-5381.
Bellahsen N. Troubles du spectre de l’autisme et santé bucco-dentaire : évaluation des pratiques et élaboration de recommandations. 21 mars 2017; p56.
Marion IW, Nelson TM, Sheller B, McKinney CM, Scott JM. Dental stories for children with autism. Spec Care Dent Off Publ Am Assoc Hosp Dent Acad Dent Handicap Am Soc Geriatr Dent. 2016;36(4):181‑6.
Mbassi Awa HD, Bekono A, Tamgnoue GA, Messanga CB, Ndombo POK. Hygiène Buccodentaire, Formes Cliniques des Lésions Carieuses et Parodontopathies chez les Enfants Handicapés dans Deux Centres Spécialisés de Yaoundé. Health Sci Dis [Internet]. 5 févr 2018 [cité 8 juin 2021];19(1 (Suppl)). https://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/987
Qiao Y, Shi H, Wang H, Wang M, Chen F. Oral Health Status of Chinese Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:398.
Jaber MA. Dental caries experience, oral health status and treatment needs of dental patients with autism. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011; 19(3):212‑7.
Jaber MA. Dental caries experience, oral health status and treatment needs of dental patients with autism. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011;19(3):212‑7.
Hall J, Philip RCM, Marwick K, Whalley HC, Romaniuk L, McIntosh AM, et al. Social Cognition, the Male Brain and the Autism Spectrum. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12):e49033.
van Steensel FJA, Bögels SM, Perrin S. Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2011;14(3):302‑17.
Taylor MJ, Rosenqvist MA, Larsson H, Gillberg C, D’Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, et al. Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Autistic Traits Over Time. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(9):1‑8
Delli K, Reichart P A, Bornstein M M, Livas C. Management of children with autism spectrum disorder in the dental setting: Concerns, behavioural approaches and recommendations. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18 (6):862-8.
Orna Tzischinski, Gal Meiri, Liora Manelis, Asif Bar-Sinaï, Hagit Flusser, Analya Michaelovski Orit Zivan, Michal Ilan, Michal Faroy Idan Menashe & Ilan Dinstein. Sleep disturbances are associated with specific sensory sensitivities in children with autism | Molecular Autism . 2021; https://molecularautism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13229-018-0206-8
Chiang H-L, Kao W-C, Chou M-C, Chou W-J, Chiu Y-N, Wu Y-Y, et al. School dysfunction in youth with autistic spectrum disorder in Taiwan: The effect of subtype and ADHD. Autism Res. 2018;11(6):857‑69.
J.Martos-Perez J, Freire-Prudencio s, Llorente-Comi M, Ayuda-Pascual R, Gonzalez-Navarro A. Autismo y cociente intelectual: ¿estabilidad?.2018 . https://neurologia.com/articulo/2018011
Hosseini SA, Molla M. Asperger Syndrome. StatPearls Publishing. 2021; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557548/
Simonoff E., Cornichons A., Charman T., Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity and associated factors in a population-derived sample. J Am Acad Pédopsychiatrie. 2008; 47: 921-929
Lefer G, Bourdon P, Mercier C, Lopez-Cazaux S. Apprentissage du brossage dentaire chez des enfants présentant un trouble du spectre autistique : effets de l’utilisation de tablettes tactiles. Sante Publique (Bucur). 2018; 30(3):297‑306.
Naidoo M, Singh S. The Oral health status of children with autism Spectrum disorder in KwaZulu-Nata, South Africa. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:165.
DeMattei R, Cuvo A, Maurizio S. Oral Assessment of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Dent Hyg. 2007;81(3):11.