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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction. COVID-19 appears to have a vascular tropism responsible for diffuse vasculitis-like cell damage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of Sars-Cov-2 infection on arterial stiffness. Material and methods. This was a cross-sectional analytical case-control study with 1:1 matching (1 case to 1 control) over a six-month period from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 at the medical-social center of the autonomous port of Douala. We measured the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in two groups of patients (group 1: COVID-19 and group 2: non-COVID-19) using a MOBIL-O-GRAPH 24h PWA MonitorTM. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result. A total of 122 patients (61 COVID-19 and 61 non-covid) were included in this study, among which 68 (55.7%) male. The mean age was 41±11 years. PWV as well as POV adjusted for age and mean BP were similar in both groups. The mean 24-hour, diurnal and nocturnal PWV were slightly higher in COVID-19 patients than in controls by 0.1 m/s (p=0.67), 0.2m/s (p=0.37) and 0.2m/s (p=0.25) respectively. COVID-19 infection was not significantly associated with PWV (p=0.082). Conclusion. PWV were slightly higher in COVID-19 patients and increased arterial stiffness was not significantly associated with COVID-19 status in the acute phase of infection.
RESUME
Introduction. La Covid- 19 semble avoir un tropisme vasculaire responsable des lésions cellulaires semblables à une vascularite diffuse. Le but de notre étude était d'évaluer l'impact de l'infection au Sars-Cov-2 sur la rigidité artérielle. Matériels et méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale analytique de type cas témoins avec appariement 1/1 (1 cas pour 1 témoin) sur une période six mois allant du 01er Janvier 2021 au 30 Juin 2021, au centre médico-social du port autonome de Douala. Nous avons mesuré la vitesse de propagation de l'onde de pouls (VOP) dans deux groupes de patients (groupe 1 : COVID-19 et groupe 2 : non COVID-19) à l’aide d’un appareil de marque MOBIL-O-GRAPH 24h PWA MonitorTM. Une valeur p < 0,05 était considérée significative. Résultats. Sur un total de 122 patients (61 COVID-19 et 61 non covid) inclus, 68 (55,7%) de sexe masculin. L’âge moyen était de 41±11 ans. La VOP ainsi que la VOP ajustée à l'âge et à la PA moyenne étaient similaires dans les deux groupes. Les VOP moyennes sur 24h, diurne et nocturne étaient légèrement élevées chez les patients COVID-19 que chez les témoins de 0,1 m/s (p=0.67), 0.2m/s (p=0.37) et 0.2m/s (p=0.25) respectivement. L'infection à COVID-19 n’était pas significativement associée à la VOP (p=0.082). Conclusion. Les VOP étaient légèrement plus élevées chez les patients COVID-19 et l’augmentation de la rigidité artérielle n’est pas significativement associée au statut COVID-19 à la phase aiguë de l’infection.
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References
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- Ratchford SM, Stickford JL, Province VM, Stute N, Augenreich MA, Koontz LK et al.« Vascular alterations among young adults with SARS-CoV-2 ». Am. J. Physiol. - Heart Circ. Physiol. 2021; 320(1): 404‑10.
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- Davignon J et Ganz P, « Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis », Circulation. 2004 Jun; 109(23): 27-32.
- Varga Z et al., « Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 », Lancet Lond. Engl.2020; 395(10234): 1417‑1418.
- Rodilla E, Lopez- Carmena M, Cortes X, Cobos-Palacios L, Canales S, Saèz MCet al. « Impact of Arterial Stiffness on All-Cause Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in Spain ». Hypertens. Dallas Tex 1979. 2021; 77(3) : 856‑867.
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References
WHO. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it [Disponible:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/ technical-guidance/naming the coronavirus disease (covid-2019) and the virus that causes it.
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020 ;323(13) :1239-1242.
Boussadani BE, Benajiba C, Aajal A, Ait Brik A, Ammour O. « Pandémie COVID-19 : impact sur le systeme cardiovasculaire. Données disponibles au 1er avril 2020 ». Aan Cardiol Angiol. 2020 ; 3(69) : 107-14.
Faten Yahia, Lilia Zakhama, Ahmed Ben Abdelaziz, and Réseau Maghrebin PRP2S. COVID-19 et Maladies cardiovasculaires. Etude scoping review. La Tunisie médicale - 2020 ; Vol 98 (04) : 283-294.
Hassan M. Otifi and Balkur K. Adiga. Endothelial dysfunction in Covid-19 infection. Am J Med Sci. 2022 ;363(4) :281–287.
Bruno RM, Spronk B, Hametner B, Hughes A, Lacolley P, Mayer C et al. « Covid-19 Effects on ARTErial StIffness and Vascular AgeiNg: CARTESIAN Study Rationale and Protocol ». Artery Res. 2020; 7(34): 230-240.
Zieman SJ, Melenovsky V, Kass DA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapy of arterial stiffness. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2005 ;25(5) :932-43.
McNulty M, Mahmud A, Spiers P, Feely J. Collagen type-I degradation is related to arterial stiffness in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Journal of human hypertension. 2006 ;20(11) :867-73.
Messas E, Pernot M, Couade M. « La mesure d’élasticité de la paroi artérielle : état de l’art et perspectives ». J. Radiol. Diagn. Interv. 2013 ; 94(5) : 577‑585.
Davies JI, Struthers AD. « Pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity: a critical review of their strengths and weaknesses ». J. Hypertens. 2003 ; 21(3) : 463‑472.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz, Redan J, Zanchetti A. ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens .2013; 31(7) ; 1 925-1938.
Joy G, Artico J, Kurbi H, Seraphim A, Lau C, Thornton GD et al. « Prospective Case-Control Study of Cardiovascular Abnormalities 6 Months Following Mild COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers ». JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging. 2021; 23(2): 345-49.
Ngatchou W, Cyr YJ, Temgoua M, Kuate L, Kouanfack C, Sobngwi E et al. « Relative faible taux de mortalité de la COVID-19 au Cameroun : et si l’âge était le principal facteur ? Relatively low mortality rate of COVID-19 in Cameroon: what if age was the main factor? ». 2021 ; 42(1) : 42-4.
Ratchford SM, Stickford JL, Province VM, Stute N, Augenreich MA, Koontz LK et al.« Vascular alterations among young adults with SARS-CoV-2 ». Am. J. Physiol. - Heart Circ. Physiol. 2021; 320(1): 404‑10.
Shnaubelt S, Oppenauer J, Tihanyi D, Mueller M, Maldonado-Gonzalo E, Zejnilovij S et al. « Arterial stiffness in acute COVID-19 and potential associations with clinical outcome ». J. Intern. Med. 2018; 23(45): 132-75.
Davignon J et Ganz P, « Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis », Circulation. 2004 Jun; 109(23): 27-32.
Varga Z et al., « Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 », Lancet Lond. Engl.2020; 395(10234): 1417‑1418.
Rodilla E, Lopez- Carmena M, Cortes X, Cobos-Palacios L, Canales S, Saèz MCet al. « Impact of Arterial Stiffness on All-Cause Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in Spain ». Hypertens. Dallas Tex 1979. 2021; 77(3) : 856‑867.
Mitchell GF, Parise H, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Keyes MJ, Vita JA et al. « Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: the Framingham Heart Study ». Hypertens. Dallas Tex 1979. 2004; 43(6): 1239‑1245.
Hallab M, Pichierri S, Chevalet P, De Decker L, Berrut G et al. « [Arterial stiffness a new risk factor to measure] », Geriatr. Psychol. Neuropsychiatr. Vieil. 2012 ; 10(3) : 235‑243.