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ABSTRACT
Background. Primary dysmenorrhoea is one of the main reasons for gynaecological consultation. In many studies carried out across the world, it is responsible for a high frequency of school absenteeism and disruption of daily activities. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of primary dysmenorrhoea on the quality of life of schooled female youths in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods. We carried out a cross-sectional analytic study in 4 secondary and high schools in Yaounde, from October 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. We included consenting participants within the ages of 15 – 24 having menses and collected socio-demographic data, clinical data, therapeutic data and quality of life data with the help of a self-report survey. EuroQol-5 dimensions-5 levels was used to measure quality of life. Odds ratios were determined to assess the association between variables and P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results. Of the 1978 participants, 1409 had primary dysmenorrhoea (frequency: 71.2 %). Mean age of the participants with primary dysmenorrhoea was 17.5±1.8 years. There was a significant difference between the perceived quality of life of those having primary dysmenorrhoea and those without (t = 17.8; p= 0.000) and we found a significant association between poor quality of life (OR= 3.9; p= 0.002), fair quality of life (OR= 5.4; p= 0.001) and primary dysmenorrhoea. Conclusion. Primary dysmenorrhoea is a very common problem among schooled female youths, and it affects their quality of life negatively.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. La dysménorrhée primaire est l'un des principaux motifs de consultation gynécologique. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l'impact de la dysménorrhée primaire sur la qualité de vie des jeunes filles scolarisées à Yaoundé, Cameroun. Méthodes. Nous avons réalisé une étude analytique transversale dans 4 collèges et lycées de Yaoundé, pendant 8 mois. Les participantes consentantes âgées de 15 à 24 ans ayant des menstruations ont été incluses. Nous avons recueilli des données sociodémographiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et des données sur la qualité de vie à l'aide d'une enquête d'auto-évaluation. L'EuroQol-5 dimensions -5 niveaux a été utilisé pour mesurer la qualité de vie. Les rapports de cotes ont été déterminés pour évaluer l'association entre les variables et une valeur P <0,05 a été considérée comme significative. Résultats. Parmi les 1978 participantes, 1409 avaient une dysménorrhée primaire (71,2 %). L'âge moyen des participantes souffrant de dysménorrhée primaire était de 17,5±1,8 ans. Il y avait une différence significative entre la qualité de vie perçue par les personnes souffrant de dysménorrhée primaire et celles qui n'en souffraient pas (t = 17.8 ; p= 0.000) et nous avons trouvé une association significative entre une mauvaise qualité de vie (OR= 3.9 ; p= 0.002), une qualité de vie moyenne (OR= 5.4 ; p= 0.001) et la dysménorrhée primaire. Conclusion. La dysménorrhée primaire est un problème très fréquent chez les jeunes filles scolarisées et elle affecte négativement leur qualité de vie.
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References
- Bernardi M, Lazzeri L, Perelli F, Reis FM, Petraglia F. Dysmenorrhea and related disorders. F1000Res. 2017;6:1645.
- Ozerdogan N, Sayiner D, Ayranci U, Unsal A, Giray S. Prevalence and predictors of dysmenorrhea among students at a university in Turkey. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2009;107(1):39–43.
- Narring F, Yaron M, Ambresin A-E. La dysménorrhée : un problème pour le pédiatre ? Arch Péd. 2012;19(2):125–30.
- De Sanctis V, Soliman A, Bernasconi S, Bianchin L, Bona G, Bozzola M, et al. Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescents: Prevalence, Impact and Recent Knowledge. Ped Endocrinol Rev. 2015;13(2):512–20.
- Burnett MA, Antao V, Black A, Feldman K, Grenville A, Lea R, et al. Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2005;27(8):765–70.
- Azagew AW, Kassie DG, Walle TA. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students’ at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20(1):5.
- Nloh AM, Ngadjui E, Vogue N, Momo ACT, Fozin GRB, Yemeli YM, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with dysmenorrhea in women at child bearing age in the Dschang Health District, West-Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;37:178.
- Fouedjio JH, Fouelifack FY, Fouogue JT, Etame L, Fouelifa LD, Mbu RE. Dysmenorrhea among students in Yaounde, Cameroon: associated factors and socio-cultural aspects. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2019;8(8):3339–43.
- Charan J, Biswas T. How to Calculate Sample Size for Different Study Designs in Medical Research? Indian J Psychol Med. 2013;35(2):121–6.
- Ongbayokolak NS, Dabou S, Kamhoua CN, Lienou LL, Nguedia SN, Telefo PB, et al. Title: Primary Dysmenorrhea: Associated Symptoms, Impact and Management among Females in the Menoua Division of the West Region of Cameroon. Cross-sectional Study Running Title: Primary Dysmenorrhea in the Menoua Division. American Academic Scientific Research J for Eng, Tech, and Sci. 2020;66(1):26–34.
- Brooks R. EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy. 1996;37(1):53–72.
- Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM. Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. The Journal of Pain. 2003;4(7):407–14.
- Dawood MY. Dysmenorrhea [Internet]. The Global Library of Women’s Medicine. 2008 [cited 2021 Dec 21]. Available from: https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/Dysmenorrhea/item/9
- Saka JM, Olaoye O-M, Nneka O, Saka A-O, Omolola D-O, Rabiyyah H-A. Primary dysmenorrhea among the adolescents in Kwara state, Nigeria: The prevalence, knowledge and management. Nurs Practice Today. 2018;5(4):395–402.
- Omidvar S, Bakouei F, Amiri FN, Begum K. Primary Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Symptoms in Indian Female Students: Prevalence, Impact and Management. Glob J Health Sci. 2016;8(8):135–44.
- Habibi N, Huang MSL, Gan WY, Zulida R, Safavi SM. Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Factors Associated with Its Intensity Among Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Management Nurs. 2015;16(6):855–61.
- Gagua T, Tkeshelashvili B, Gagua D. Primary dysmenorrhea: prevalence in adolescent population of Tbilisi, Georgia and risk factors. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2012;13(3):162–8.
- Karout S, Soubra L, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HMJ, Itani R. Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females. BMC Women’s Health. 2021;21(1):392.
- Samba Conney C, Akwo Kretchy I, Asiedu-Danso M, Allotey-Babington GL. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for Primary Dysmenorrhea among Senior High School Students in the Western Region of Ghana. Obstet and Gynecol Int. 2019;2019:e8059471.
- Khalid M, Jamali T, Shahid T, Ghani U, Baig T, Nasir T. Severity and relation of primary dysmenorrhea and body mass index in undergraduate students of Karachi. A cross sectional survey. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;(0):1.
- Long WN. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations [Internet]. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990 [cited 2022 May 16]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK282/
- Shah M, Monga A, Patel S, Shah M, Bakshi H. A study of prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in young students - A cross-sectional study. Gujarat Med J. 2013;4(2):5.
- Osayande AS, Mehulic S. Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(5):341–6.
- Gasner A, Aatsha P. Physiology, Uterus. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557575/
- Ogunfowokan AA, Babatunde OA. Management of primary dysmenorrhea by school adolescents in ILE-IFE, Nigeria. J Sch Nurs. 2010;26(2):131–6.
- Fernández-Martínez E, Onieva-Zafra MD, Parra-Fernández ML. The Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Quality of Life Among Spanish Female University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(5):E713.
References
Bernardi M, Lazzeri L, Perelli F, Reis FM, Petraglia F. Dysmenorrhea and related disorders. F1000Res. 2017;6:1645.
Ozerdogan N, Sayiner D, Ayranci U, Unsal A, Giray S. Prevalence and predictors of dysmenorrhea among students at a university in Turkey. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2009;107(1):39–43.
Narring F, Yaron M, Ambresin A-E. La dysménorrhée : un problème pour le pédiatre ? Arch Péd. 2012;19(2):125–30.
De Sanctis V, Soliman A, Bernasconi S, Bianchin L, Bona G, Bozzola M, et al. Primary Dysmenorrhea in Adolescents: Prevalence, Impact and Recent Knowledge. Ped Endocrinol Rev. 2015;13(2):512–20.
Burnett MA, Antao V, Black A, Feldman K, Grenville A, Lea R, et al. Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea in Canada. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2005;27(8):765–70.
Azagew AW, Kassie DG, Walle TA. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students’ at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20(1):5.
Nloh AM, Ngadjui E, Vogue N, Momo ACT, Fozin GRB, Yemeli YM, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with dysmenorrhea in women at child bearing age in the Dschang Health District, West-Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;37:178.
Fouedjio JH, Fouelifack FY, Fouogue JT, Etame L, Fouelifa LD, Mbu RE. Dysmenorrhea among students in Yaounde, Cameroon: associated factors and socio-cultural aspects. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2019;8(8):3339–43.
Charan J, Biswas T. How to Calculate Sample Size for Different Study Designs in Medical Research? Indian J Psychol Med. 2013;35(2):121–6.
Ongbayokolak NS, Dabou S, Kamhoua CN, Lienou LL, Nguedia SN, Telefo PB, et al. Title: Primary Dysmenorrhea: Associated Symptoms, Impact and Management among Females in the Menoua Division of the West Region of Cameroon. Cross-sectional Study Running Title: Primary Dysmenorrhea in the Menoua Division. American Academic Scientific Research J for Eng, Tech, and Sci. 2020;66(1):26–34.
Brooks R. EuroQol: the current state of play. Health Policy. 1996;37(1):53–72.
Jensen MP, Chen C, Brugger AM. Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain. The Journal of Pain. 2003;4(7):407–14.
Dawood MY. Dysmenorrhea [Internet]. The Global Library of Women’s Medicine. 2008 [cited 2021 Dec 21]. Available from: https://www.glowm.com/section-view/heading/Dysmenorrhea/item/9
Saka JM, Olaoye O-M, Nneka O, Saka A-O, Omolola D-O, Rabiyyah H-A. Primary dysmenorrhea among the adolescents in Kwara state, Nigeria: The prevalence, knowledge and management. Nurs Practice Today. 2018;5(4):395–402.
Omidvar S, Bakouei F, Amiri FN, Begum K. Primary Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Symptoms in Indian Female Students: Prevalence, Impact and Management. Glob J Health Sci. 2016;8(8):135–44.
Habibi N, Huang MSL, Gan WY, Zulida R, Safavi SM. Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Factors Associated with Its Intensity Among Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Management Nurs. 2015;16(6):855–61.
Gagua T, Tkeshelashvili B, Gagua D. Primary dysmenorrhea: prevalence in adolescent population of Tbilisi, Georgia and risk factors. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2012;13(3):162–8.
Karout S, Soubra L, Rahme D, Karout L, Khojah HMJ, Itani R. Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females. BMC Women’s Health. 2021;21(1):392.
Samba Conney C, Akwo Kretchy I, Asiedu-Danso M, Allotey-Babington GL. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for Primary Dysmenorrhea among Senior High School Students in the Western Region of Ghana. Obstet and Gynecol Int. 2019;2019:e8059471.
Khalid M, Jamali T, Shahid T, Ghani U, Baig T, Nasir T. Severity and relation of primary dysmenorrhea and body mass index in undergraduate students of Karachi. A cross sectional survey. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020;(0):1.
Long WN. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations [Internet]. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990 [cited 2022 May 16]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK282/
Shah M, Monga A, Patel S, Shah M, Bakshi H. A study of prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea in young students - A cross-sectional study. Gujarat Med J. 2013;4(2):5.
Osayande AS, Mehulic S. Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(5):341–6.
Gasner A, Aatsha P. Physiology, Uterus. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 15]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557575/
Ogunfowokan AA, Babatunde OA. Management of primary dysmenorrhea by school adolescents in ILE-IFE, Nigeria. J Sch Nurs. 2010;26(2):131–6.
Fernández-Martínez E, Onieva-Zafra MD, Parra-Fernández ML. The Impact of Dysmenorrhea on Quality of Life Among Spanish Female University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(5):E713.