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Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. En Guinée Conakry, le paludisme de la femme enceinte représente un problème majeur comportant des risques substantiels pour la mère, le fœtus puis le nouveau-né. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la prévalence et les facteurs associés à la survenue du paludisme chez les femmes enceintes suivies dans deux centres de santé en Guinée. Méthodologie. Il s’agissait d’une cohorte rétrospective des femmes enceintes suivies pour les soins prénatals et ayant accouché dans les centres de santé de Kaporo Fondis et de Kakossa durant la période de juin 2018 à décembre 2019. L’analyse de régression logistique multivariée a été utilisée. Les rapports de cotes ajustés (RCa) et leur intervalle de confiance (IC) ont été rapportés. Résultats. Nous avons suivi 952 femmes enceintes dont 447 présentant les symptômes de paludisme soit une prévalence de 14 % (IC à 95 % : 11,2–17,3). La tranche d’âge la plus représentée était de moins de 25 ans (51,5 %, n = 251), suivie de celle de 25 à 34 ans (41,5 %, n = 202) et la moyenne d’âge de 24,4 ± 5,8 ans. Les femmes du site de Kaporo Fondis (RCa = 3,82 ; IC à 95% : 1,52–9,58), les femmes enceintes célibataires (RCa = 2,54 ; IC à 95% : 1,09–5,89), les femmes dont l’issue de la grossesse était défavorable (RCa = 4,36 ; IC à 95% : 1,52–12,48) étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir le paludisme dans leur catégorie. Conclusion. La prévention du paludisme chez les femmes enceintes reste un défi en Guinée Conakry. L’intensification des mesures de prévention, l’éducation sanitaire et les soins prénatals de qualité permettraient de réduire l’infection palustre pendant la grossesse.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. In Guinea Conakry, malaria in pregnant women is a major problem, with substantial risks for the mother, the foetus and the newborn. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of malaria in pregnant women attending two health centres in Guinea. Methodology. This was a retrospective cohort of pregnant women followed up for antenatal care and delivered in the Kaporo Fondis and Kakossa health centres during the period June 2018 to December 2019. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results. We followed 952 pregnant women, 447 of whom presented with malaria symptoms, giving a prevalence of 14% (95% CI: 11.2-17.3). The most common age group was under 25 (51.5%, n = 251), followed by 25-34 (41.5%, n = 202), with an average age of 24.4 ± 5.8 years. Women from the Kaporo Fondis site (aOR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.52-9.58), single pregnant women (aOR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.09-5.89), women with an unfavourable pregnancy outcome (aOR = 4.36; 95% CI: 1.52-12.48) were more likely to have malaria in their category. Conclusion. Preventing malaria in pregnant women remains a challenge in Guinea Conakry. Intensified preventive measures, health education and quality antenatal care would reduce malaria infection during pregnancy.
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References
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- Dombrowski JG, Barateiro A, Peixoto EPM, Barros ABC da S, de Souza RM, Clark TG, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria in a prospective cohort of women from the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021;15(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0009390.
- Limenih A, Gelaye W, Alemu G. Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors among Delivering Mothers in Northwest Ethiopia. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2754407.
- Institut national de la Statistique (INS) [Guinée], et ICF. 2021. Enquête sur les indicateurs du paludisme et de l’anémie en Guinée 2021. Rockville, Maryland, USA : INS et ICF. 2021.
- Diallo A, Touré AA, Doumbouya A, Magassouba AS, Traoré F, Cissé M, et al. Factors Associated with Malaria Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women in Guinea. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2021;2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9914424.
- Marie KJ, Noa Ndoua CC, Belinga E, Kensoung H. Maternal diseases in pregnancy at the Laparoscopic Surgery and Human Reproduction Teaching Hospital. Heath Sci. Dis. Vol. 21(4) April 2020.
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References
World Health Organization. World malaria report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Consultable sur : https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240064898 (accessed June 10, 2023).
Agomo CO, Oyibo WA. Factors associated with risk of malaria infection among pregnant women in lagos, nigeria. Infect Dis Poverty 2013;2(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-2-19.
Gontie GB, Wolde HF, Baraki AG. Prevalence and associated factors of malaria among pregnant women in Sherkole district, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, West Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2020;20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05289-9.
Yaro JB, Ouedraogo A, Diarra A, Sombié S, Ouedraogo ZA, Nébié I, et al. Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Burkina Faso: a community-based cross-sectional survey. Malar J 2021;20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03896-8.
Almaw A, Yimer M, Alemu M, Tegegne B. Prevalence of malaria and associated factors among symptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal care at three health centers in north-west Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022;17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266477.
Fana SA, Bunza MDA, Anka SA, Imam AU, Nataala SU. Prevalence and risk factors associated with malaria infection among pregnant women in a semi-urban community of north-western Nigeria. Infect Dis Poverty 2015;4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-015-0054-0.
Nkwabong E, Mayane DN, Meka E, Essiben F. Malaria in the third trimester and maternal-perinatal outcome. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2020;151:103–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13261.
Bauserman M, Conroy AL, North K, Patterson J, Bose C, Meshnick S. An Overview of Malaria in Pregnancy. Semin Perinatol 2019;43(5):282. https://doi.org/10.1053/J.SEMPERI.2019.03.018.
Chua CLL, Hasang W, Rogerson SJ, Teo A. Poor Birth Outcomes in Malaria in Pregnancy: Recent Insights Into Mechanisms and Prevention Approaches. Front Immunol 2021;12. https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2021.621382.
Dombrowski JG, Barateiro A, Peixoto EPM, Barros ABC da S, de Souza RM, Clark TG, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria in a prospective cohort of women from the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021;15(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0009390.
Limenih A, Gelaye W, Alemu G. Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Factors among Delivering Mothers in Northwest Ethiopia. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2754407.
Institut national de la Statistique (INS) [Guinée], et ICF. 2021. Enquête sur les indicateurs du paludisme et de l’anémie en Guinée 2021. Rockville, Maryland, USA : INS et ICF. 2021.
Diallo A, Touré AA, Doumbouya A, Magassouba AS, Traoré F, Cissé M, et al. Factors Associated with Malaria Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women in Guinea. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2021;2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9914424.
Marie KJ, Noa Ndoua CC, Belinga E, Kensoung H. Maternal diseases in pregnancy at the Laparoscopic Surgery and Human Reproduction Teaching Hospital. Heath Sci. Dis. Vol. 21(4) April 2020.
Doumbe-Belisse P, Kopya E, Ngadjeu CS, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Talipouo A, Djamouko-Djonkam L, et al. Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate. Malaria Journal 2021;20:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12936-021-03891-Z.