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Introduction. Le diabète sucré est en augmentation constante en raison des modifications du mode de vie qui devient de plus en plus sédentaire et d'une alimentation déséquilibrée. Le pèlerinage est une quête spirituelle effectué par les croyants vers un lieu sacré notamment en Arabie Saoudite. Cet acte cultuel engendre des défis supplémentaires aux patients diabétiques, en raison du régime alimentaire inadapté et d’une activité physique intense. Cette étude vise à décrire le profil épidémiologique et thérapeutique des pèlerins diabétiques guinéens durant le Hadj 2024. Méthodes. Etude transversale descriptive menée auprès des pèlerins diabétiques Guinéens ayant consulté l’équipe médicale Guinéenne à la Mecque du 31 Mai 2024 au 22 Juin 2024. Les données ont été recueillies par un questionnaire kobocollect et Analysées statistiquement. Les données recueillies portaient sur l'âge, le sexe, les comorbidités, les traitements et le suivi durant le séjour. Résultats. L’âge moyen des patients était de 62 ±7 ans, de sexe féminin dans la majorité des cas (68 %). Les principaux motifs de consultation étaient des malaises (66,07 %) et les syndromes grippaux (14,3 %). Le diabète de type 2 était retrouvé dans 93 % des cas, le souvent associé à une hypertension (71,4 %). Les traitements incluaient les antidiabétiques oraux (89,3 %), l'insuline (37,5 %) et l’association insuline et ADO dans 50 % des cas. Les complications les plus fréquemment retrouvées étaient les infections cutanées (19,6 %) et la déshydratation (14,3 %). Conclusion. Cette étude a mis en évidence, les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des pèlerins guinéens diabétiques à la Mecque en 2034, soulignant les défis majeurs associés à la gestion du diabète et de ses comorbidités dans ce contexte.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is constantly on the increase due to changes in lifestyle which are becoming increasingly sedentary and an unbalanced diet. Pilgrimage is a spiritual quest undertaken by believers to a sacred place, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This act of worship poses additional challenges for diabetic patients, due to an inappropriate diet and intense physical activity. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and therapeutic profile of Guinean diabetic pilgrims during the Hajj 2024. Methods. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of Guinean diabetic pilgrims who consulted the Guinean medical team in Mecca from 31 May 2024 to 22 June 2024. Data were collected using a kobocollect questionnaire and analysed statistically. Data were collected on age, sex, comorbidities, treatments and follow-up during the stay. Results. The study included patients aged 62 ±7 years, the majority of whom were female (68%). The main reasons for consultation were malaise (66.07%) and flu-like symptoms (14.3%). Type 2 diabetes was found in 93% of participants, often associated with hypertension (71.4%). Treatments included oral antidiabetics (89.3%) and insulin (37.5%).Insulin and oral antidiabetics were combined in 50% of cases. The most common complications were skin infections (19.6%) and dehydration (14.3%). Conclusion. This study highlighted the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Guinean pilgrims with diabetes in Mecca. It underlines the major challenges associated with the management of diabetes and its comorbidities in this context.
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References
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- Algeffari M. Diabetes and Hajj pilgrims: A Narrative review of literature. J Pak Med Assoc 2019;69:879–84.
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References
Mbarki S, Ben Abdelaziz A, Ben Hassine D, Melki S, Ben Rejeb N, Omezzine A, et al. EPIDEMIOLOGIE DU DIABETE SUCRE EN TUNISIE.Etude Hammam Sousse Sahloul Heart Study (HSHS 2). Tunis Med 2022;100:229–40.
Papatheodorou K, Banach M, Bekiari E, Rizzo M, Edmonds M. Complications of Diabetes 2017. J Diabetes Res 2018;2018:3086167. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3086167.
Peters SAE, Woodward M. Sex Differences in the Burden and Complications of Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2018;18:33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-1005-5.
Maison, Ressources, diabète V avec le, Reconnaissance, Faq, Contact, et al. Atlas du diabète de la FID. https://diabetesatlas.org/ (accessed August 14, 2024).
Guinea. International Diabetes Federation n.d. https://idf.org/our-network/regions-and-members/africa/members/guinea/ (accessed August 27, 2024).
Shaikh S, Ashraf H, Shaikh K, Iraqi H, Ndour Mbaye M, Kake A, et al. Diabetes Care During Hajj. Diabetes Ther 2020;11:2829–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00944-5.
Abainou L, Elhadri S, Eljadi H, Baizri H. Étude du profil épidémiologique et clinique des pèlerins diabétiques marocains : première étude au Maroc. Annales d’Endocrinologie 2018;79:501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2018.06.1017.
Nemi KD, Djalogue L, Djagadou KA, Tchamdja T, Tsevi YM, Balaka A. [Circumstances of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé]. Pan Afr Med J 2019;34:99. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.34.99.20012.
Yousuf S, Ahmedani MY. Features and Frequency of Complications Among Pilgrims with Diabetes During Hajj. Journal of Diabetology 2024;15:217. https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_111_23.
Yezli S, Mushi A, Almuzaini Y, Balkhi B, Yassin Y, Khan A. Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension among Hajj Pilgrims: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021;18:1155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031155.
Khogeer Z, Alnifaee R, Alyamani S, Alharbi K, Hanbzaza S, Mashhor A, et al. Acute Complications of Diabetes Among Pilgrims During Hajj 2017: A Brief Report. Diabetes Ther 2020;11:747–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-020-00774-5.
Algeffari M. Diabetes and Hajj pilgrims: A Narrative review of literature. J Pak Med Assoc 2019;69:879–84.
Zhang Y, Fan X, Li S, Wang Y, Shi S, Lu H, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Hui population in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021;100:e25192. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000025192.
Memish ZA, Assiri A, Almasri M, Alhakeem RF, Turkestani A, Al Rabeeah AA, et al. Prevalence of MERS-CoV Nasal Carriage and Compliance With the Saudi Health Recommendations Among Pilgrims Attending the 2013 Hajj. J Infect Dis 2014;210:1067–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu150.
Yezli S, Zumla A, Yassin Y, Al-Shangiti AM, Mohamed G, Turkistani AM, et al. Undiagnosed Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Pilgrims during the 2015 Hajj Mass Gathering: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017;97:1304–9. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0271