Article Sidebar

Download
PDF

Main Article Content

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Introduction. Glucose intolerance increases perinatal complications, but there is limited research on this topic among non-diabetic pregnant women in Cameroon. This study aimed to assess third-trimester glycemic status and its impact on pregnancy outcomes in the Buea Health District. Methodology. A prospective cohort study involving 124 pregnant women was carried out in the Buea Health District (BHD) from December 2023 through May 2024. Socio-demographic characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. About 5mls of blood were collected by venipuncture into EDTA and fluoride oxalate tubes for HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose measurement respectively. A Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between pregnancy outcomes and third trimester glycemic control. Results. Third trimester hyperglycemia was present in 12% of pregnant women in the BHD. The percentage of pregnant women with abnormal glycemic status obtained using fasting plasma glucose and glycated heamoglobin (HbA1c) were 32.3% and 11.2% respectively. Women with high third trimester HbA1c percentage had significantly higher odds of having pre-eclampsia (OR=13.429, 95% CI: 0.365-4.845, p = 0.016), abnormal birthweight (OR= 88.000, 95% CI: 2.625-7.465, p < 0.00) and macrosomia (OR=46.000, 95% CI: 2.206-5.700, p < 0.001). Additionally, pregnant women who were hypoglycemic had higher odds of having perineal tear during delivery (OR =6.800, 95% CI=0.211-3.946, p= 0.034). Conclusion. Poor third trimester glycemic control (HbA1c) is significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Strict glycemic control in pregnancy is therefore an important preventive measure to adverse pregnancy outcomes.


RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L'intolérance au glucose augmente les complications périnatales, mais peu d'études existent sur ce sujet chez les femmes enceintes non diabétiques au Cameroun. Cette étude visait à évaluer l'état glycémique au troisième trimestre et son impact sur les issues de grossesse dans le district sanitaire de Buea. Méthodologie. Une étude de cohorte prospective a été menée auprès de 124 femmes enceintes de décembre 2023 à mai 2024. Des prélèvements sanguins ont permis de mesurer l'HbA1c et la glycémie à jeun. Une analyse de régression logistique a évalué l'association entre le contrôle glycémique et les issues de grossesse. Résultats. L'hyperglycémie au troisième trimestre était présente chez 12 % des femmes enceintes dans le DSB. Le pourcentage de femmes enceintes ayant un état glycémique anormal, mesuré par la glycémie à jeun et l'hémoglobine glyquée (HbA1c), était respectivement de 32,3 % et 11,2 %. Les femmes ayant un pourcentage élevé d'HbA1c au troisième trimestre avaient des chances significativement plus élevées d'avoir une pré-éclampsie (OR = 13,429, IC 95 % : 0,365-4,845, p = 0,016), un poids de naissance anormal (OR = 88,000, IC 95 % : 2,625-7,465, p < 0,00) et une macrosomie (OR = 46,000, IC 95 % : 2,206-5,700, p < 0,001). De plus, les femmes enceintes ayant une hypoglycémie avaient des chances plus élevées de subir une déchirure périnéale lors de l'accouchement (OR = 6,800, IC 95 % : 0,211-3,946, p = 0,034). Conclusion. Un mauvais contrôle glycémique au troisième trimestre (HbA1c) est significativement associé à des issues de grossesse défavorables. Un contrôle strict de la glycémie pendant la grossesse est donc une mesure préventive importante contre les issues de grossesse défavorables.

Keywords

diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, pregnancy outcomes, Cameroon diabète sucré, contrôle glycémique, issues de grossesse, Cameroun

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Ebot Walter Ojong, Delphine Anye Tangoh, Simo Wambo Andre Gaetan, Naiza Monono, & Duala Emmanuella Lum-Neba. (2025). Third Trimester Glycemic Status and Pregnancy Outcome in Women Attending Antenatal Care in the Buea Health District, South Western, Cameroon: A Prospective Cohort Study: Statut Glycémique au Troisième Trimestre et Issue de la Grossesse chez les Femmes Suivies en Soins Prénatals dans le District Sanitaire de Buea, Région du Sud-Ouest, Cameroun : Une Étude de Cohorte Prospective. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v26i2.6395
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Edition.
  2. 2. Bigna JJ, Nansseu JR, Katte JC, Noubiap JJ. Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among adults residing in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2018 Mar 1;137:109-18..
  3. 3. Sordillo EM, Polsky B. Infections in Pregnancy. In Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine. 2010;531–62.
  4. 4. Leoni M, Padilla N, Fabbri A, Della-Morte D, Ricordi C, Infante M. Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance during Pregnancy. Evolving Concepts in Insulin Resistance. IntechOpen;2022.
  5. 5. Farrar D. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. International journal of women's health. 2016 Sep 20:519-27.
  6. 6. Sobolesky PM, Smith BE, Saenger AK, Schulz K, Apple FS, Scott MG, Wu AH, Little RR, Fitzgerald RL. Multicenter assessment of a hemoglobin A1c point-of-care device for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Clinical Biochemistry. 2018;61:18-22.
  7. 7. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group. The hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome (HAPO) study. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2002 Jul 1;78(1):69-77
  8. 8. Nielsen LR, Ekbom P, Damm P, Glumer CH, Frandsen MM, Jensen DM, Mathiesen ER. HbA1c levels are significantly lower in early and late pregnancy. Diabetes care. 2004;27(5):1200-1.
  9. 9. Djomhou M, Sobngwi E, Noubiap JJ, Essouma M, Nana P, Fomulu NJ. Maternal hyperglycemia during labor and related immediate post-partum maternal and perinatal outcomes at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Journal of Health, Population and nutrition. 2016;35:1-5.
  10. 10. Yin B, Hu L, Meng X, Wu K, Zhang L, Zhu Y, Zhu B. Association of higher HbA1c within the normal range with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cross-sectional study. Acta Diabetologica. 2021;58:1081-9.
  11. 11. Noreh SN, Gichuhi JW, Mokomba A. Quality of glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes among patients with gestational diabetes at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of East and Central Africa, Vol. 33 No. 2021;144-151.
  12. 12. Buhary BM, Almohareb O, Aljohani N, Alzahrani SH, Elkaissi S, Sherbeeni S, Almaghamsi A, Almalki M. Glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in patients with diabetes in pregnancy: A retrospective study. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2016;20(4):481.
  13. 13. Hamza A, Herr D, Solomayer EF and Meyberg-Solomayer G. Polyhydramnios: causes, diagnosis and therapy. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheikunde. 2013;73(12):1241-6.
  14. 14. World Health Organization. Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy. World Health Organization;2013.
  15. 15. Belay DM, Bayih WA, Alemu AY, Sinshaw AE, Mekonen DK, Ayele AS, Aytenew TM, Aynew YE, Hailemichael W, Getu S, Kiros M. Macrosomia and its predictors in pregnant women with diabetes in Ethiopia. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2021;26(12):1539-52.
  16. 16. Zhao D, Liu D, Shi W, Shan L, Yue W, Qu P, Yin C, Mi Y. Association between Maternal Blood Glucose Levels during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Birth Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023;20(3):2102.
  17. 17. Weinert LS. International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups recommendations on the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy: comment to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel. Diabetes care. 2010;33(7):e97.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.