Recurrent Burkholderia Cepacia Bacteremia in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient with Vascular Impasse
Bactériémie Récidivante à Burkholderia Cepacia chez une Hémodialysée Chronique en Impasse Vasculaire
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/hra.v3i2.6418Keywords:
Burkholderia cepacia, bacteraemia, venous haemodialysis, Burkina FasoAbstract
RÉSUMÉ
Burkholderia cepacia est un bacille à Gram négatif non fermentaire, aérobie strict. C’est une bactérie d’intérêt médical qui affecte principalement les immunodéprimés dont les dialysés. Elle pose un problème thérapeutique du fait de sa résistance naturelle à plusieurs antibiotiques usuels et l’émergence des résistances acquises. Dans le but de sensibiliser davantage les cliniciens et les microbiologistes afin de réduire la morbidité et la mortalité attribuables à cette bactérie émergeante, nous rapportons le cas d’une bactériémie récidivante à Burkholderia cepacia chez une patiente hémodialysée chronique en impasse vasculaire. La patiente a été hospitalisée en mars 2023 suite à des frissons et une fièvre enregistrée en per dialyse. Les hémocultures (périphérique et sur cathéter) réalisées lors de ce premier épisode ont mis en évidence Burkholderia cepacia sensible uniquement au cotrimoxazole. Elle a été initialement traitée par vancomycine et amikacine suivi d’une adaptation de l’antibiothérapie par cotrimoxazole 960mg/48h pendant trois semaines. Du fait de l’impasse vasculaire chez la patiente, le cathéter n’a pas été retiré. L’évolution fut marquée par la répétition des épisodes infectieux per-dialytiques de façon intermittente (2 à 3 semaines sans signes d’infection en per-dialyse), souvent accompagnés de céphalées motivant fréquemment une automédication à base de paracétamol comprimé. Une évaluation vasculaire pour la possibilité d’un autre accès vasculaire chez la patiente a montré un défaut de perméabilité avec fibrose et thrombose des vaisseaux des sites habituels de pose de cathéter. Au décours des épisodes infectieux, la patiente refusait les hospitalisations indiquées. Elle a donc été traitée en ambulatoire.
ABSTRACT
Burkholderia cepacia is a strict aerobic, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacillus. It is a bacterium of medical interest that mainly affects immunocompromised patients, including dialysis patients. It poses a therapeutic problem due to its natural resistance to several standard antibiotics and the emergence of acquired resistance. With the aim of raising awareness among clinicians and microbiologists in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality attributable to this emerging bacterium, we report the case of recurrent Burkholderia cepacia bacteraemia in a chronic haemodialysis patient with vascular impasse. The patient was admitted to hospital in March 2023 after developing chills and fever during dialysis. Blood cultures (peripheral and catheter) taken during this first episode revealed Burkholderia cepacia sensitive only to cotrimoxazole. She was initially treated with vancomycin and amikacin, followed by adaptation of the antibiotic therapy with cotrimoxazole 960mg/48h for three weeks. Due to the patient's vascular impasse, the catheter was not removed. The course was marked by intermittent recurrence of infectious episodes per dialysis (2 to 3 weeks without signs of infection per dialysis), often accompanied by headaches that frequently prompted self-medication with paracetamol tablets. A vascular evaluation to assess the possibility of another vascular access for the patient showed a permeability defect with fibrosis and thrombosis of the vessels at the usual catheter insertion sites. Following the infectious episodes, the patient refused to be admitted to hospital as indicated. She was therefore treated as an outpatient.
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