Main Article Content
Abstract
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. Les professions sanitaires sont exposées au risque d’infection virale B et C des accidents résultant du contact professionnel avec les milieux biologiques. Les données sur les accidents exposant au sang (AES) sont rares en Afrique noire. Le but de notre étude était d’évaluer la prévalence des AES au sein du personnel soignant en milieu hospitalier à Ndjamena. Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale réalisée du 8 Août au 8 Novembre 2015 dans cinq hôpitaux de la ville de Ndjamena à l’aide d’un questionnaire standardisé administré par des enquêteurs à des agents de santé. Résultats. le taux de participation à l’enquête était faible (34,2%). Parmi les personnes interrogées, 60,2% affirmaient avoir eu un AES, surtout des infirmiers (57%). Seuls 38% déclaraient administrativement leur accident. L’attitude après un AES était insuffisante et consistait essentiellement en une désinfection et une sérologie de la personne source (51,9%). Une formation sur les hépatites virales avait été reçue par 44 des agents interrogés (12%). La couverture vaccinale VHB, le portage des anticorps anti VHC et de l’AgHBs étaient respectivement de 38,7%, 1,6% et de 13%. Conclusion. La prévalence des AES est élevée chez les agents de santé de Ndjamena. Leurs connaissances sur les hépatites B et C sont insuffisantes. De ce fait, la mise en œuvre d’un programme de sensibilisation sur les hépatites et la vaccination du personnel s’avère indispensable.
ABSTRACT
Introduction- aim. Health professions are exposed to the risk of viral infection B and C from accidents resulting from professional contact with biological materia. Data on blood-related accidents are rare in more African countries. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of blood-related accidents among hospital staff in Ndjamena. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 8 August to 8 November 2015 in five hospitals of Ndjamena using a standardized questionnaire administered by investigators to health workers. Results. The survey participation rate was low (34.2%). Among the respondents, 60.2% said they had a blood-related accident, mostly nurses (57%). Only 38% reported their accident. The attitude after blood-related accidents was insufficient and consisted essentially of disinfection and getting information about the serology data of the patient (51.9%). Training on viral hepatitis was received by 44 agents (12%). HBV vaccination coverage, anti-HCV antibodies and HBsAg carriers were 38.7%, 1.6% and 13%, respectively. Conclusion. The prevalence of BRA is high among hospital staff of Ndjamena. Their knowledge about hepatitis B and C is insufficient. The implementation of an awareness program on hepatitis and vaccination is mandatory.
Article Details
References
- Ehui E, Kra O, Ouattara I, Eholié S, Kakou A, Bissagnéné E, Kadio A. Management of accidental exposure to blood in the Treichville teaching hospital, Abidjan (Côte-d'Ivoire)]. Med Mal Infect. 2007 Dec; 37 Suppl 3:S251-6.
- Kaweti G, Abegaz T. Prevalence of percutaneous injuries and associated factors among health care workers in Hawassa referral and adare District hospitals, Hawassa, Ethiopia, January 2014. BMC Public Health. 2016 Jan 5; 16:8.
- Tarantola A, Abiteboul D, Rachline A. Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: a review of pathogens trasmitted in published cases. Am J Infect Control 2006; 34: 367–75.
- Aspinall EJ, Hawkins G, Fraser A, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg D. Hepatitis B prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care: a review. Occup Med (Lond). 2011; 61(8): 531–40.
- Bessimbaye N, Moussa AM, Mbanga D, Tidjani A, Mahamat SO, Ngawara MN, Ngarnayal G, Fissou HY, Sangare L, Ndoutamia G, Barro N. Seroprevalence of HBs Ag and of anti-HCV antibodies among HIV infected people in N'Djamena, Chad. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2014 Dec; 107(5): 327-31.
- de Martel C, Maucort-Boulch D, Plummer M, Franceschi S. World-wide relative contribution of hepatitis B and C viruses in hepatocellular carcinoma. 2015 Oct;62(4):1190-200.
- Koné MC, Mallé KK. Blood exposure accidents: knowledge and practices of hospital health workers in Mali. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2015 Dec;108 (5):369-72. doi: 10.1007/s13149-015-0451-4.
- Isara AR, Ofili AN. Prevalence of occupational accidents/Injuries among health care workers in a federal medical centre in southern Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2012 Jan-Mar; 31(1): 47-51.
- Eholié S, Ehui E, Yéboué-Kouamé BY, Simo TA, Tanon A, CoulibalyDacoury C, et al. Analyse des pratiques et connaissances du personnel soignant sur les accidents d’exposition au sang à Abidjan (Côted’Ivoire). Med Mal Infect 2002; 32:359–68.
- Floret N, Ali-Brandmeyer O, L'Hériteau F, Bervas C, Barquins-Guichard S, Pelissier G, Abiteboul D, Parneix P, Bouvet E, Rabaud C; Working Group AES-RAISIN. Sharp Decrease of Reported Occupational Blood and Body Fluid Exposures in French Hospitals, 2003-2012: Results of the French National Network Survey, AES-RAISIN. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015; 36(8): 963-8.
- Marković-Denić L, Branković M, Maksimović N, Jovanović B, Petrović I, Simić M, Lesić A. Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers at university hospitals. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2013 Nov-Dec; 141(11-12): 789-93.
- Kocur E, Śliwa-Rak BO, Grosicki S. Analysis of occupational exposures to blood registered in the General Hospital in Zabrze in the years 2006-2015. Przegl Epidemiol. 2016; 70(4): 603-615.
- Ennigrou S, Ben Ameur Khechine I, Cherif A, Najah N, Ben Hamida A. Analysis of knowledge attitudes and practices of health care workers facing blood exposure accidents in a general surgery service. Tunis Med. 2004 Jun; 82(6):492-505.
- Jacob A, Newson-Smith M, Murphy E, Steiner M, Dick F. Sharps injuries among health care workers in the United Arab Emirates. Occup Med (Lond). 2010; 60(5): 395–7.
- Adegboye AA, Moss GB, Soyinka F, Kreiss JK. The epidemiology of needlestick and sharp instrument accidents in a Nigerian hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994; 15(1):27–31.
References
Ehui E, Kra O, Ouattara I, Eholié S, Kakou A, Bissagnéné E, Kadio A. Management of accidental exposure to blood in the Treichville teaching hospital, Abidjan (Côte-d'Ivoire)]. Med Mal Infect. 2007 Dec; 37 Suppl 3:S251-6.
Kaweti G, Abegaz T. Prevalence of percutaneous injuries and associated factors among health care workers in Hawassa referral and adare District hospitals, Hawassa, Ethiopia, January 2014. BMC Public Health. 2016 Jan 5; 16:8.
Tarantola A, Abiteboul D, Rachline A. Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: a review of pathogens trasmitted in published cases. Am J Infect Control 2006; 34: 367–75.
Aspinall EJ, Hawkins G, Fraser A, Hutchinson SJ, Goldberg D. Hepatitis B prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care: a review. Occup Med (Lond). 2011; 61(8): 531–40.
Bessimbaye N, Moussa AM, Mbanga D, Tidjani A, Mahamat SO, Ngawara MN, Ngarnayal G, Fissou HY, Sangare L, Ndoutamia G, Barro N. Seroprevalence of HBs Ag and of anti-HCV antibodies among HIV infected people in N'Djamena, Chad. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2014 Dec; 107(5): 327-31.
de Martel C, Maucort-Boulch D, Plummer M, Franceschi S. World-wide relative contribution of hepatitis B and C viruses in hepatocellular carcinoma. 2015 Oct;62(4):1190-200.
Koné MC, Mallé KK. Blood exposure accidents: knowledge and practices of hospital health workers in Mali. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2015 Dec;108 (5):369-72. doi: 10.1007/s13149-015-0451-4.
Isara AR, Ofili AN. Prevalence of occupational accidents/Injuries among health care workers in a federal medical centre in southern Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2012 Jan-Mar; 31(1): 47-51.
Eholié S, Ehui E, Yéboué-Kouamé BY, Simo TA, Tanon A, CoulibalyDacoury C, et al. Analyse des pratiques et connaissances du personnel soignant sur les accidents d’exposition au sang à Abidjan (Côted’Ivoire). Med Mal Infect 2002; 32:359–68.
Floret N, Ali-Brandmeyer O, L'Hériteau F, Bervas C, Barquins-Guichard S, Pelissier G, Abiteboul D, Parneix P, Bouvet E, Rabaud C; Working Group AES-RAISIN. Sharp Decrease of Reported Occupational Blood and Body Fluid Exposures in French Hospitals, 2003-2012: Results of the French National Network Survey, AES-RAISIN. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015; 36(8): 963-8.
Marković-Denić L, Branković M, Maksimović N, Jovanović B, Petrović I, Simić M, Lesić A. Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among health care workers at university hospitals. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2013 Nov-Dec; 141(11-12): 789-93.
Kocur E, Śliwa-Rak BO, Grosicki S. Analysis of occupational exposures to blood registered in the General Hospital in Zabrze in the years 2006-2015. Przegl Epidemiol. 2016; 70(4): 603-615.
Ennigrou S, Ben Ameur Khechine I, Cherif A, Najah N, Ben Hamida A. Analysis of knowledge attitudes and practices of health care workers facing blood exposure accidents in a general surgery service. Tunis Med. 2004 Jun; 82(6):492-505.
Jacob A, Newson-Smith M, Murphy E, Steiner M, Dick F. Sharps injuries among health care workers in the United Arab Emirates. Occup Med (Lond). 2010; 60(5): 395–7.
Adegboye AA, Moss GB, Soyinka F, Kreiss JK. The epidemiology of needlestick and sharp instrument accidents in a Nigerian hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1994; 15(1):27–31.