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Abstract
Background and Objectives: IgA deficient patients are at risk of severe life-threatening anaphylactic reaction on being transfused blood or blood products. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of IgA deficiency in blood donors in Yaounde, Cameroon.
Methods: Serum samples were collected from 670 apparently healthy blood donors. Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to quantitate total IgA concentration.
Results: Of the 670 samples tested, 536 (80%) were from males and 134 (20%) from females. Age ranged from 17 to 58 with a mean of 28.3 ± 7years. There were no patients with IgA deficiency (IgA <5mg/dL); 11 persons (1.6%) with partial IgA deficiency (5-30mg/dL); 535 (79.9%) with normal IgA (31-450mg/dL) and 124 (18.5%) with greater than normal IgA levels. The concentration of IgA varied by sex, with females having significantly higher levels than males (p=0.002). The mean IgA
concentration generally increased with increasing age, p=0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggests that IgA deficiencies are rare in the study group and may not be a major clinical concern in our setting.
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References
- Cunningham RC: Physiology of IgA and IgA deficiency. C J Clin Immunol 21(5):303-309, 2001.
- Akaluck T: Immune Deficiency. Int J Immunogenet 30(2):143-147, 2003.
- Chandran S, Khetan D, Chaudhary R, Misra R, Aggarwal A: Low Prevalence of IgA Deficiency in North Indian Population. Indian J Med Res 123: 653-656, 2006.
- Marwaha N: IgA deficiency Implications for transfusion. Indian J Med Res 123 : 591-592, 2006.
- Weber-Mzell D, Kotanko P, Hauer AC: Gender, age and seasonal effects on IgA deficiency: a study of 7293 Caucasians. Eur J Clin Invest 34 (3):224-228, 2004.
- Litzman J, Sevcìkovà I, Stikarovskà D, Pikulovà Z, Pazdìrkovà A, Lokaj J: IgA deficiency in Czech healthy individuals and selected patient groups. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 123(2):177-180, 2000.
- Pineda AA, Taswell H: Transfusion reaction associated with anti-IgA antibodies: report of four cases and review of literature. Transfusion 31: 633-635, 1975.
- Kanoh T, Mizumoto T, Yasuda N: Selective IgA deficiency in Japanese blood donors: frequency a statistical analysis. Vox Sang 50(2):81-86, 1986.
- Koistinen J: Immunological abnormalities in the sera of IgA deficient blood donors. Vox Sang 29: 203-14, 1975.
- C.D.C. National Office of Public Health Genomics: Primary Immunodeficiencies: Prevalence and Distribution 2001.
- Accetta D: A Patient with a Low IgA Level Requiring Transfusion during CABG. Lab Med 36(6):353-356, 2003.
- Clark JA, Callicoat, PA, Brenner NA, Bradley CA, Smith DM Jr: Selective IgA deficiency in blood donors. Am J Clin Pathol 80: 210-13,1983.
- Buckley RH. Immunodeficiency diseases. JAMA 268 (20):2797-806, 1992.
- Pereira LF, Sapina AM, Arroyo J: Prevalence of selective IgA deficiency in Spain: More than we thought. Blood 90:893, 1997.
References
Cunningham RC: Physiology of IgA and IgA deficiency. C J Clin Immunol 21(5):303-309, 2001.
Akaluck T: Immune Deficiency. Int J Immunogenet 30(2):143-147, 2003.
Chandran S, Khetan D, Chaudhary R, Misra R, Aggarwal A: Low Prevalence of IgA Deficiency in North Indian Population. Indian J Med Res 123: 653-656, 2006.
Marwaha N: IgA deficiency Implications for transfusion. Indian J Med Res 123 : 591-592, 2006.
Weber-Mzell D, Kotanko P, Hauer AC: Gender, age and seasonal effects on IgA deficiency: a study of 7293 Caucasians. Eur J Clin Invest 34 (3):224-228, 2004.
Litzman J, Sevcìkovà I, Stikarovskà D, Pikulovà Z, Pazdìrkovà A, Lokaj J: IgA deficiency in Czech healthy individuals and selected patient groups. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 123(2):177-180, 2000.
Pineda AA, Taswell H: Transfusion reaction associated with anti-IgA antibodies: report of four cases and review of literature. Transfusion 31: 633-635, 1975.
Kanoh T, Mizumoto T, Yasuda N: Selective IgA deficiency in Japanese blood donors: frequency a statistical analysis. Vox Sang 50(2):81-86, 1986.
Koistinen J: Immunological abnormalities in the sera of IgA deficient blood donors. Vox Sang 29: 203-14, 1975.
C.D.C. National Office of Public Health Genomics: Primary Immunodeficiencies: Prevalence and Distribution 2001.
Accetta D: A Patient with a Low IgA Level Requiring Transfusion during CABG. Lab Med 36(6):353-356, 2003.
Clark JA, Callicoat, PA, Brenner NA, Bradley CA, Smith DM Jr: Selective IgA deficiency in blood donors. Am J Clin Pathol 80: 210-13,1983.
Buckley RH. Immunodeficiency diseases. JAMA 268 (20):2797-806, 1992.
Pereira LF, Sapina AM, Arroyo J: Prevalence of selective IgA deficiency in Spain: More than we thought. Blood 90:893, 1997.