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Abstract
Introduction: HIV infection is responsible for many biochemical disorders among which lipid peroxidation and antioxidant imbalance are of important consideration. HIV infection is a chronic disease which leads to chronic inflammation during which high amount of free radicals are produced. These free radicals lead to very high lipid peroxidation indices and to rapid disease progression due to CD4 cells apoptosis.
Objectives: We determined lipid peroxidation indices (LPI), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and total antioxidant ability of plasma (TAA) concentration in hiv-positive, treatment-naïve patients in order to contribute to the management of HIV-infected patients.
Methodology: We measured MDA and TAA concentrations, and LPI indices in 285 individuals composed of 151 HIV-positive treatment-naïve patients and 134 controls that were recruited during a period of twelve months at the University Hospital Center in Yaoundé and in the South West region.
Results: Values of the various parameters obtained were We obtained the following patients/controls values for MDA (0, 41±0, 10 µM patients vs 0, 20±0, 07µM for controls), TAA (0, 16±0, 16 mM for patients vs 0, 63±0, 17 mM for controls) and LPI indices (26, 02±74, 40 for patients vs 0, 34±0, 14 for controls). The differences between patients and controls were statistically significant (p<0, 05) for all the parameters. There was a statistically significant decrease in TAA concentration in term of CD4 cell counts (p<0, 05) and a positive correlation between the both (r=0,199; p<0, 05). In term of sex, LPI and MDA were higher while TAA was lower in men compared to women (p<0, 05).
Conclusion: During HIV infection there is high lipid peroxidation, low plasma total antioxidant ability and very high LPI indices. This may be linked to chronic inflammation due to HIV infection which produces free radicals during HIV replication. These disorders contribute to CD4 cells apoptosis and disease progression.
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References
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- Dincer Y., Ozen E., Kadioglu P., Akcay T., Haremi H. Effect of sex hormones on lipid peroxidation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, healthy women, and men. Endocr. Res.; 27 (3): 16-30, 300-309, 2001.
- Fawzi W.-W. A randomized trial of multivitamin supplements and HIV disease progression and mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 351: 23-32, 2004.
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- Impact Médecin. Guide SIDA, PP 90-94; 144-145, 2002.
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- National AIDS Control Committee/ National Statistique Institute. January. Preliminary Report of Cameroon Demographic and Health survey, 2004.
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- ONUSIDA. L’ONUSIDA encourage l’Afrique à fabriquer ses médicaments, 2012.
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- Pabon A., Carmona J., Burgos L.C., Blair S.Oxidative stress in patients with non-complicated malaria. Clin. Biochem.; 36 (1): pp 8-71,2003.
- Suresh DR.,, Vamseedhar Annam, Pratibha K., Maruti Prasad BV. Total antioxidant capacity – a novel early bio-chemical marker of oxidative stress in HIV infected individuals. Journal of Biomedical Science 2009, 16:61 doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-61, 2009.
- Virtanene A.,Kairisto V., UusipaikkaE. Laboratory management: Regression- based Reference limits: Determination of sufficient sample size. Clinical Chemistry; 44: 2353-2358, 1998.
- Wei X., Ghosh SK., Taylor ME., Johnson VA., Emini EA., Deutch P., Lifson JD., Bonhoeffer S., Nowa MA., Hahn BH., Saag MS., Shaw GM. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. Nature 373: 117-122, 1995.
- WHO. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: Recommendations for a public health approach. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/artadultguidelines.pdf, 2006.
- Wu T-W, Fung KP, Wu J, Yang C-C & Weisel RD. Antioxidation of human low-density lipoprotein by unconjugated and conjugated bilirubins. Biochem Pharmacol 51: 859-862, 1996.
References
Benzie Iris F.F., Strain J.J. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power assay. Anal. Biochem.; 239: pp 70-76, 1996.
Dincer Y., Ozen E., Kadioglu P., Akcay T., Haremi H. Effect of sex hormones on lipid peroxidation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, healthy women, and men. Endocr. Res.; 27 (3): 16-30, 300-309, 2001.
Fawzi W.-W. A randomized trial of multivitamin supplements and HIV disease progression and mortality. New England Journal of Medicine, 351: 23-32, 2004.
Fulbert J.C., Cals M.J.Les radicaux libres en biologie clinique: origine, rôle pathogène et moyen de défense. Path. Biol.; 40: pp 66-67,1992.
Halliwell B, Cross CE. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Intern Med; 151: 29-31, 1991.
Impact Médecin. Guide SIDA, PP 90-94; 144-145, 2002.
L'Hénaff M. Stress oxydatif et VIH : Les antioxydants qui dérouillent. Journal du sida n°188 (n°188 - Septembre 2006). Site internet: http:// www. webmestre@arcat-sante.org. 08/06/2012, 2012.
Lefevre G., Beljean-Leymarie M., Beyerle F., Bonnefont-Rousselot D., Cristol J.P., Theroud P., Toreilles J.Evaluation de la peroxydation lipidique par le dosage des substances réagissant avec l’acide thiobarbiturique. Ann. Biol. Clin.; 56: pp 305-319,1998.
National AIDS Control Committee/ National Statistique Institute. January. Preliminary Report of Cameroon Demographic and Health survey, 2004.
Rabaud Ch., Tronel H., Fremont S., May T., Canton P., J.-P. Nicolas J.-P. Radicaux libres et infection par le VIH. Annales de Biologie Clinique. Volume 55, Numéro 6, 565-71,1997.
ONUSIDA. L’ONUSIDA encourage l’Afrique à fabriquer ses médicaments, 2012.
Montagnier L. Apports de la recherche dans la lutte contre le Sida en Afrique. 5 décembre 2003 ; Rapport,2003.
Pabon A., Carmona J., Burgos L.C., Blair S.Oxidative stress in patients with non-complicated malaria. Clin. Biochem.; 36 (1): pp 8-71,2003.
Suresh DR.,, Vamseedhar Annam, Pratibha K., Maruti Prasad BV. Total antioxidant capacity – a novel early bio-chemical marker of oxidative stress in HIV infected individuals. Journal of Biomedical Science 2009, 16:61 doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-61, 2009.
Virtanene A.,Kairisto V., UusipaikkaE. Laboratory management: Regression- based Reference limits: Determination of sufficient sample size. Clinical Chemistry; 44: 2353-2358, 1998.
Wei X., Ghosh SK., Taylor ME., Johnson VA., Emini EA., Deutch P., Lifson JD., Bonhoeffer S., Nowa MA., Hahn BH., Saag MS., Shaw GM. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. Nature 373: 117-122, 1995.
WHO. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: Recommendations for a public health approach. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/artadultguidelines.pdf, 2006.
Wu T-W, Fung KP, Wu J, Yang C-C & Weisel RD. Antioxidation of human low-density lipoprotein by unconjugated and conjugated bilirubins. Biochem Pharmacol 51: 859-862, 1996.