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ABSTRACT
Introduction. Pediatric HIV infection is still a Public Health issue in developing Countries. Survival of HIV-infected children is closely related to early combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Thus, it is very important to improve access to Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT), diagnosis and care. The aim of this paper is to describe rates of HIV transmission among HIV exposed infants followed in an outpatient clinic. Methods. Analysis of routine data collected from 2009 to 2013 has been conducted in the “Centre Mère et Enfant” in Yaoundé, Cameroon. All HIV-exposed infants coming for their first consultation in the clinic during these 5 years have been registered. HIV PCR diagnosis until one year and HIV serology beyond were offered free of charge. Results. As a whole, among the 2,768 HIV-exposed infants, 2068 children were HIV-uninfected (1 death, 1150 uncompleted follow-up), 322 were HIV-infected (19 deaths, 8 uncompleted follow-up) and 378 were not tested for HIV status or with no result available (23 deaths). Mean follow-up=260 days. 1,434 boys and 1,334 girls. When mother and/or child received any ART treatment, the transmission rate of HIV was 5.64% when transmission rate was of 43.6% when mother and child received nothing as a treatment. The main factor in relation with low rate of transmission was any treatment in mother or baby. Two other factors of lower transmission were artificial feeding, and PMTCT in reference hospitals. Conclusion. In a routine program, as expected, percentage of HIV infected children is much more important among children or mothers who did not have access to PMTCT or ART treatment. In the context of elimination of Mother to Child transmission of HIV access to HIV testing and PMTCT must be increased, especially in private and small health centers


RÉSUMÉ
Introduction. L’infection à VIH pédiatrique demeure un problème de santé publique dans les pays en développement. La survie des nourrissons infectés par le VIH dépend étroitement de l’initiation précoce du traitement antiretroviral. Nous décrivons la transmission du VIH chez les nourrissons exposés au VIH suivis dans un hôpital de reference à Yaoundé. Matériels et méthodes. Les données de routine recueillies dans une cohorte de nourrissons exposés au VIH de 2009 à 2013 au Centre Mère et Enfant de Yaoundé ont été analysées. Résultats. Parmi 2768 nourrissons exposés au VIH, 2068 nourrissons n'étaient pas infectés par le VIH (1 décès, 1150 suivis inachevés), 322 étaient infectés par le VIH (19 décès, 8 suivis inachevés) et 378 n'étaient pas testés ou ne disposaient pas de résultat de test du VIH (23 décès). La transmission du VIH était de 5,64 % en cas d’une notion de traitement antirétroviral chez la mère ou l'enfant et de 43,6 % dans le cas contraire. Les facteurs associés à une faible transmission du VIH étaient la notion de traitement antirétroviral chez la mère ou le nourisson, l'alimentation artificielle et le suivi prénantal dans un hôpitaul de référence. Conclusion. En routine, la transmission du VIH parmi les nourissons exposés au VIH est plus importante enc as de manque d’accès à la PTME ou au traitement antirétroviral. Cet accès doit être renforcé dans les formations sanitaires de catégorie inférieure ou privées afin d’éliminer la transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant.


 


 

Keywords

HIV-exposed infants, mother to child HIV transmission, antiretroviral treatment Nourrissons exposés au VIH, transmission du VIH de la mère à l’enfant, traitement antirétroviral.

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Francis, A. N., Ndongo , J. A., Tejiokem , M., Kameni , C., Koki , P., & Msellati , P. (2022). Reporting of Five Years Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Among HIV-Exposed Infants Followed from 2009-2013 at “Centre Mère - Enfant” of the Chantal Biya Foundation (Yaounde): Mother to child HIV transmission among HIV-exposed infants in Cameroon. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE, 23(5). https://doi.org/10.5281/hsd.v23i5.3626
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